VC - Synapses Flashcards
What are properties of the major excititatory synapse? (4)
- On dendrites
- Use glutamate
- Axo-dendritic synapse
- Often assymetric
What are properties of the major inhibitory synapse? (4)
- On cell body
- Use GABA or glycine
- Axo-somatic synapse
- Symmetrical
Properties of glutamate and glycine synapse junctions (4)
- Vesicle transporter
- PM transporters for the neurotransmitter
- Neurotransmitter receptors at post-membrane
- Specialised organiser proteins and the cytoskeleton at the post-synaptic membrane
Key differences between glutamate and glycine synapse junctions (4)
1) Vesicle transporter (Glutamate vs Inhibitory AA)
2) PM transporters (Glutamate vs Glycine)
3) Neurotransmitter receptors:
- Glutamate- Flux Na+/Ca2+ → Excite synapse
- Glycine - Flux Cl- inhibit → Inhibit synapse
4) Specialised organiser proteins:
- Glutamate- Thick
- Glycine- Thin
Glutamate receptors (4) vs Glycine receptors (4)
Glutamate receptors
- Four subunits to make ion channel
- Glutamate binding site on outside
- Cation Channel
- Bind to molecules like PSD-95 on inside postsynaptic cell.
Glycine receptors (GABA receptors)
- Five Subunits to make ion channel
- Glycine binding site on outside
- Anion Channel
- Bind to Gephyrin on the inside postsynaptic cell
What are the organising molecules in the glutamate and glycine synapses?
Glutamate - PSD-95
Glycine- Gephyrin
What are the presynaptic and postsynaptic tags involved in synaptic organization?
Presynaptic tags:
- Neurexins
Postsynaptic tags:
- Glutamate - Neuroligin 1(3,4)
- Glycine - Neuroligin 2
How does synaptic organization occur in terms of tags and organizing molecules?
Presynaptic tag (Neurexin) binds to Postsynaptic tags (Neuroligin 1 or 2) which interacts with organising molecules (PSD-95 or Gephyrin)
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