Vasodilators (other than CCBs)

Question 1

Hydralazine and minoxidil - cardiovascular effects

Answer 1

PVR: decrease
Cardiac output: Increase
Blood volume: Increase
Plasma renin activity: increase
Left ventricular hypertrophy: increase

Question 2

Nitroprusside - cardiovascular effects

Answer 2

PVR: decrease
Cardiac output: Increase
Blood volume: increase
Plasma renin activity: increase

Question 3

Fenoldopam - cardiovascular effects

Answer 3

PVR: decrease
Cardiac output: increase
Plasma renin activity: increase

Question 4

Hydralazine and minoxidil - indications

Answer 4

Moderate to severe HT, reserved for HT resistant to other drugs.

Question 5

Hydralazine - adverse effects

Answer 5

Angina, dizziness, fluid retention, reflex tachycardia, lupus-like syndrome, headache.

Question 6

Minoxidil - adverse effects

Answer 6

Angina, dizziness, fluid retention, reflex tachycardia, headache, hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion

Question 7

Hydralazine and minoxidil - interactions

Answer 7

NSAIDs: decrease hypotensive effect

Question 8

Sodium nitroprusside - indications and adm

Answer 8

Hypertensive emergencies (IV infusion)

Question 9

Nitroprusside - metabolites

Answer 9

Cyanide and thiocyanate.

Question 10

Nitroprusside - adverse effects

Answer 10

Dizziness, headache, increased intracranial pressure, methemoglobinemia, thiocyanate and cyanide toxicity.

Question 11

Fenoldopam - indications and adm

Answer 11

Hypertensive emergencies (IV)

Question 12

Fenoldopam - MOA

Answer 12

Activates D1 receptors, causing vasodilation. In kidney: dilation in both afferent and efferent arterioles, causing increased renal blood flow.

Question 13

Fenoldopam - adverse effects

Answer 13

Headache and nausea, reduced serum potassium