General

Question 1

Main mechanism of BP regulation

Answer 1

Cardiac output: stroke volume + HR.
Peripheral vascular resistance (PVR).
Blood volume.

Question 2

Major categories of antihypertensive drugs:

Answer 2

Diuretics.
Sympatholytics.
Angiotensin inhibitors.
Vasodilators.

Question 3

Site of action of hypertensive drugs

Answer 3

Kidneys.
Sympathetic nervous system.
RAA-axis.
Vascular smooth muscle.

Question 4

One can characterize antihypertensive drugs by:

Answer 4

Cardiovascular effects.
Effects on potassium and cholesterol.
Compensatory mechanism

Question 5

What does the compensatory mechanism of antihypertensive drugs consist of?

Answer 5

Return of BP to HT.
Reflex tachycardia.
Fluid retention by kidneys.
Activation of RAA-axis

Question 6

Why is polytherapy usually recommended for treatment of hypertension?

Answer 6

2/3 of pts cannot controll BP with single drug.

Question 7

Stimuli to activate renin secretion

Answer 7

1) Reduced arterial pressure in renal afferent arterioles.
2) Fall in sodium chloride concentration in distal renal tubule.
3) Sympathetic activation of β1-adrenoceptors on renal juxtaglomerular cells.

Question 8

Angiotensin II - activation of which receptors and effect of activation

Answer 8

AT1: (Increased IP3 + arachidonic acid metabolites. Decreased cAMP) Generalized vasoconstriction, aldosterone secretion, increased Na resorption, increased NE release, cell growth in arteries and heart.
AT2 receptors

Question 9

ACE - functions

Answer 9

Inactivation of bradykinin