Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RENAL II Exam 3 > Vasodilators and Sympatholytics DSA I > Flashcards

Vasodilators and Sympatholytics DSA I Flashcards

1
Q

vasodilators

A

relax smooth m of arterioles

  • decreased TPR
  • symapthetic reflex prevents orthostatic hypotension and sex dysfunction
  • vasodilators work best with other anti-hypertensives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DHPs

A

block vascular L-type Ca channels > cardiac

CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

non-DHPs

A

non-selective block of vascular and cardiac L-type Ca channels

CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CCBs

A

smooth m. - vasodilation arterioles > veins
-decreased TPR, afterload, O2 heart demand

cardiac muscle - reduced contractility, slowed SA node pacemaker and AV node conduction velocity**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CCB pharmacy

A

oral admin

  • high first pass
  • often used IV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

amlodipine

A

long half life CCB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

adverse effects for DHP CCBs

A

excessive hypotension, dizzy, HA, periphera edema, flushing, tachycardia, rash, gingival hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

adverse effects for non-DHP CCBs

A

dizzy, HA, peripheral edema, constipation, AV block, bradycardia, heart failure, rash with diltiazem, pulmonary edema, coughing, wheezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

short acting nifedipine

A

studies indicate - increasead risk of MI, stroke, death
-not for chronic HTN

instead use slow-release and long-acting DHPs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

non-DHP contraindication

A

beta-blocker use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

AV conduction

A

nifedipine does not decrease AV conduction

-therefore, use more safe in AV conduction abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

verapamil

A

may increase digoxin levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

clinical use of CCBs

A

long term therapy for HTN, HTN emergency, angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

K channel openers

A

open K channels in smooth m.

  • hyperpolarizes smooth m. membrane
  • reducing probability of contraction
  • arteriolar dilator - reduced systemic vascular resistance and MAP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

diazoxide

A

potassium channel opener

  • long acting
  • high protein binding
  • administered 3-4 injectsions 5-15 min apart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

potassium channel opener adverse effects

A

hypotension - stroke and MI

  • hypotension greater with renal failure patients, patients with beta-blockers (give small doses)
  • hyperglycemia
  • avoid ischemic heart disease (likely angina)
17
Q

potassium channel opener use

A

hypertensive emergency

18
Q

minoxidil

A

potassium channel opener in smooth m.

-dilation of arterioles, not veins

19
Q

adverse effects of minoxidil

A

HA, sweating, hypertrichosis (hair growth)

must be used in combo with beta blocker and loop diuretic
-bc of reflex sympathetic stimulation and sodium/fluid retention (angina, edema, palpitations, tachycardia)

20
Q

clinical use of minoxidil

A

long term outpatient for severe HTN

21
Q

stimulate hair growth

A

minoxidil - rogaine

22
Q

fenoldopam

A

dopamine D1 agonist

  • peripheral arteriolar dilator and natriuretic
  • administered IV (short half life and rapid metabolism)
  • avoid in glaucoma patients
23
Q

post-operative HTN

A

fenoldopam

24
Q

hydralazine

A

stimulates NO release from endothelium

  • increased cGMP
  • dilation of arterioles
  • high first pass - low bioavailabilty
25
Q

adverse with hydralazine

A

HA, nausea, anorexia, palpitations, sweating, flushing

-angina or arrhythmia in ischemic heart disease

26
Q

hydralazine clinical use

A

long term outpatient HTN

-combo with nitrates - heart failure and HTN in blacks

27
Q

HTN in pregnancy Tx

A

methyldopa and hydralazine

28
Q

sodium nitroprusside

A

releases NO > increased cGMP
-dilation of arterial and venous vessels
-BP decrease and CO same
IV admin

29
Q

cyanide poisoning

A

released during metabolism of sodium nitroprusside

30
Q

nitroglycerin

A

release NO

  • relax smooth m of veins > arteries
  • no effect on cardiac/skeletal m
  • decreased platelet aggregation

high first past - administer sublingual

reached minutes, last 15-30 minutes
-longer duration patches available

31
Q

adverse effects of nitroglycerin

A

orthostatic hypotension, syncope, throbbing HA

contraindicated - increased intracranial pressure

32
Q

drug-drug nitroglycerin interactions

A

synergistic hypotension

-wth sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil

RENAL II Exam 3 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions