Vasodilators

Question 1

Oral vasodilators for long term outpatient therapy of hypertension

Answer 1

Hydralazine and minoxidil

Question 2

Parenteral vasodilators used to treat hypertensive emergencies

Answer 2

Nitroprusside, diazoxide, and fenoldopam

Question 3

Vasodilators used for long term outpatient therapy and hypertensive emergencies.

Answer 3

Ca channel blockers

Question 4

Vasodilators mainly used for angina

Answer 4

Nitrates

Question 5

Vasodilators that relax also veins

Answer 5

Na nitroprusside and nitrates

Question 6

Using these drugs will not cause orthostatic hypertension or sexual dysfunction because sympathetic reflexes are intact

Answer 6

Vasodilators

Question 7

Dilates arterioles but not veins. Tachyphylaxis. Used particularly in severe hypertension and combined with nitrates for patients with both hypertension and heart failure especially in african american patients

Answer 7

Hydralazine

Question 8

Well absorved and rapidly metabolized by the liver. Metabolized in part by acetylation and vascular effects persisit longer than blood concentrations due to avid binding to vascular tissue

Answer 8

Hydralazine

Question 9

Most common side effects of hydralazine

Answer 9

Headache, nausea, anorexia, palpitations, sweating and flushing

Question 10

Reflex tachycardia and sympathetic stimulation may provoke angina or ischemic arrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart disease

Answer 10

Hydralazine

Question 11

Produces lupus erythematosus like symptoms at dosages of 400 mg/d or more

Answer 11

Hydralazine

Question 12

Serious but uncommon side effects of hydralazine

Answer 12

Peripheral neuropathy and drug fever

Question 13

Hyperpolarizes smooth muscle membrane through opening of K channels causing the vessel to be stabilized and contraction less likely

Answer 13

Minoxidil and diazoxide

Question 14

Should replace hydralazine when maximal doses are not effective or in patients with renal failure and severe hypertension who do not respond well to hydralazine. Also dilates arterioles and not veins just like hydralazine

Answer 14

Minoxidil

Question 15

Must be used in combination with a B blocker and a loop diuretic

Answer 15

Minoxidil(but i guess all of vasodilators must be combined with these drugs)

Question 16

Headache, sweating, and hypertrichosis which are particularly bothersome to women are relatively common with the use of this drug. Rogain is used a stimulant for hair growth in the correction of baldness.

Answer 16

Minoxidil

Question 17

Powerful parenterally administered vasodilator used in treating hypertensive emergencies as well as severe heart failure. Dilates both arterial and venous vessels resulting in reduced PVR and venous return.

Answer 17

Na nitroprusside

Question 18

Rapidly metabolized onto RBC liberating cyanide

Answer 18

Na nitroprusside

Question 19

Sensitive to light and must therefore made up fresh before administration and covered with opaque foil.

Answer 19

Na nitroprusside

Question 20

Most serious toxicity is associated with accumulation of cyanide. Metabolic acidosis, arrhythmias, excessive hypotension, and death.

Answer 20

Na nitroprusside

Question 21

Advocated for prophylaxis or treatment for cyanide poisoning during nitroprusside infusion.

Answer 21

Na thiosulfate

Hydroxocobalamine

Question 22

Can cause thiocyanate toxicity manifested as weakness, disorientation, psychosis, muscle spasms, and convulsions. Rarely delayed hyperthyroidism occurs and methemoglobinemia.

Answer 22

Na nitroprusside

Question 23

Effective and relatively long acting parenterally administered arteriolar dilator occasionally used to treat hypertensive emergencies

Answer 23

Diazoxide

Question 24

Similar chemically to thiazide diuretics but has no diuretic activity. Hypotensive effects are greater when patients are pretreated with B blockers to prevent reflex tachycardia and associated increase in cardiac output

Answer 24

Diazoxide

Question 25

Most significant toxicity of this drug is excessive hypotension that has resulted in stroke and MI.

Answer 25

Diazoxide

Question 26

Reflex sympathetic response can provoke angina, electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia, and cardiac failure in patients with ischemic heart disease and should be avoided in this situation.

Answer 26

Diazoxide

Question 27

Inhibits insulin release from the pancreas and is used to treat hypoglycemia secondary to insulinoma. Can also cause renal salt and water retention.

Answer 27

Diazoxide

Question 28

Peripheral arteriolar dilator used for hypertensive emergencies and postoperative hypertension. Agonist of dopamine D1 receptors resulting in dilation of peripheral arteries and natriuresis. R isomer mediates pharmacologic activity

Answer 28

Fenoldopam

Question 29

Major toxicities of this drug are reflex tachycardia, headache, flushing, and can inrease intraocular pressure and should be avoided in patients with glaucoma.

Answer 29

Fenoldopam