Vasoculture Of The Head And Neck

Question 1

Describe the arteries leading to the brain (start at the aortic arch)

Answer 1

Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
Internal common carotid artery
Brain (circle of Willis)

Question 2

Describe the arteries leading to the superior thyroid artery (start at the aortic arch)

Answer 2

Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery

Question 3

Describe the arteries leading to the artery that supplies the tongue (start at the aortic arch)

Answer 3

Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
External carotid artery branching into the:
Lingual artery

Question 4

Describe the arteries leading to the artery that supplies the face (start at the aortic arch)

Answer 4

Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
External carotid artery branching into the:
Facial artery

Question 5

Describe the arteries leading to the artery that supplies the maxilla (start at the aortic arch)

Answer 5

Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
External carotid artery branching higher up into the:
Maxillary artery

Question 6

Describe the arteries leading to the artery that supplies the temporal (start at the aortic arch)

Answer 6

Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
External Carotid artery beaches higher up into the:
Superficial temporal artery

Question 7

Describe the arteries leading to the artery that supplies the supratrochlear artery (start at the aortic arch)

Answer 7

Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
External carotid artery branching into the:
Facial artery
Facial nerve branches into the supratrochlear artery
(Is locates superior to the facial nerve near the frontalis)

Question 8

What three vessels does the aortic arch split into

Answer 8

The left common carotid artery
The brachiocephalic artery
left sub clavian artery (leading the axillary artery)

Question 9

What does the brachiocephalic artery split into?

Answer 9

The right subclavian

The right common carotid artery

Question 10

What does the maximally artery split into?

Answer 10

The inferior alveolar artery
Posterior superior alveolar artery
Infraorbitiac artety which splits Into the: Anterior superior alveolar artery
Middle meningeial artery

Descending palatine artery which branches intro the greater palatine and less palatine arteries

Question 11

What does the greater palatine artery supply?

Answer 11

The palatine gingivae of the upper teeth

Mucosa of the hard palate

Question 12

What does the lesser palatine artery supply?

Answer 12

The soft palate

Question 13

What is the pterion? Describe it

Answer 13

The site on the side of the skull where the frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid bones meet to form a H shaped pattern of sutures
It is a weak and thin point on the skull
This means the middle meningeal artery is susceptible to trauma via impacts to the side of the head

Question 14

What are sutures?

Answer 14

Sutures are fibrous joints between some skull bones

Question 15

Where does the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery run?

Answer 15

Runs on the deep surface of the pterion

Question 16

What does a rupture if the middle meningeal artery cause?

Answer 16

Causes blood to build up between the dura mater and the skull
This tends to displace the brain to the opposite side and down the foramen magnum which can damage the respiratory centres of the brain stem (leading to death)
This bleed is called an extradural haemorrhage

Question 17

What is the dura Mater

Answer 17

The outermost layer of the meninges

Question 18

What is an extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 18

Bleed between the dura and the skull

Question 19

What is a bleed between the skull and dura called?

Answer 19

Extradural haemorrhage

Question 20

What does the lingual artery supply

Answer 20

Provides blood supply to the tongue and structures in the floor of the mouth including the lingual gingivae

Question 21

What are the main veins that drain the blood from the head and neck?

Answer 21

The internal jugular veins

Question 22

Which sinus is found inside the cranial cavity?

Answer 22

The cavernous sinus

Question 23

What condition can the cavernous sinus get and how?

Answer 23

Can get viral infection like cavernous sinus thrombosis due to close communication with the pterygoid plexus of veins

Question 24

Where is the cavernous sinus found?

Answer 24

In the cranial cavity

Question 25

What is the pterygoid plexus

Answer 25

A large complex of veins that receives blood from many structures in the face
Communicates closely with the cavernous sinus

Question 26

What does the pterygoid plexus communicate with?

Answer 26

The cavernous sinus

The facial nerve (which drains the superficial anterior face)

Question 27

Communication between the facial nerve and the pterygoid plexus can lead to what?

Answer 27

Creates a route for infection to travel from the anterior facial nerve to the cavernous sinus in the cranial cavity

Question 28

What do lymphatic vessels do?

Answer 28

They drain tissue fluid from the tissues back to the venous system

Question 29

Where are lymph nodes found and what do they contain?

Answer 29

Found along the lymphatic vessels

They contain immune cells and are a key part of the body’s immune surveillance system that

Question 30

What can happen to lymph nodes if they get infected

Answer 30

They can swell in reaction to infection and cancers can lodge and grow in them

Question 31

What are the two groups the lymph nodes in the head are split into?

Answer 31

A deep group: appears as a chain of nodes around the internal jugular vein
Superficial group: appear mainly as a ring around the base of the head. This group is further divided into subgroups

Question 32

Where do superficial nodes drain to?

Answer 32

The deep chain

Question 33

Where do deep nodes drain to?

Answer 33

Medellin chains return lymph to the venous system in the lower neck