Vasoculture Of The Head And Neck Flashcards
Describe the arteries leading to the brain (start at the aortic arch)
Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
Internal common carotid artery
Brain (circle of Willis)
Describe the arteries leading to the superior thyroid artery (start at the aortic arch)
Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery
Describe the arteries leading to the artery that supplies the tongue (start at the aortic arch)
Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
External carotid artery branching into the:
Lingual artery
Describe the arteries leading to the artery that supplies the face (start at the aortic arch)
Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
External carotid artery branching into the:
Facial artery
Describe the arteries leading to the artery that supplies the maxilla (start at the aortic arch)
Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
External carotid artery branching higher up into the:
Maxillary artery
Describe the arteries leading to the artery that supplies the temporal (start at the aortic arch)
Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
External Carotid artery beaches higher up into the:
Superficial temporal artery
Describe the arteries leading to the artery that supplies the supratrochlear artery (start at the aortic arch)
Aortic arch
Left common carotid artery
External carotid artery branching into the:
Facial artery
Facial nerve branches into the supratrochlear artery
(Is locates superior to the facial nerve near the frontalis)
What three vessels does the aortic arch split into
The left common carotid artery
The brachiocephalic artery
left sub clavian artery (leading the axillary artery)
What does the brachiocephalic artery split into?
The right subclavian
The right common carotid artery
What does the maximally artery split into?
The inferior alveolar artery
Posterior superior alveolar artery
Infraorbitiac artety which splits Into the: Anterior superior alveolar artery
Middle meningeial artery
Descending palatine artery which branches intro the greater palatine and less palatine arteries
What does the greater palatine artery supply?
The palatine gingivae of the upper teeth
Mucosa of the hard palate
What does the lesser palatine artery supply?
The soft palate
What is the pterion? Describe it
The site on the side of the skull where the frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid bones meet to form a H shaped pattern of sutures
It is a weak and thin point on the skull
This means the middle meningeal artery is susceptible to trauma via impacts to the side of the head
What are sutures?
Sutures are fibrous joints between some skull bones
Where does the anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery run?
Runs on the deep surface of the pterion
What does a rupture if the middle meningeal artery cause?
Causes blood to build up between the dura mater and the skull
This tends to displace the brain to the opposite side and down the foramen magnum which can damage the respiratory centres of the brain stem (leading to death)
This bleed is called an extradural haemorrhage
What is the dura Mater
The outermost layer of the meninges
What is an extradural haemorrhage?
Bleed between the dura and the skull
What is a bleed between the skull and dura called?
Extradural haemorrhage
What does the lingual artery supply
Provides blood supply to the tongue and structures in the floor of the mouth including the lingual gingivae
What are the main veins that drain the blood from the head and neck?
The internal jugular veins
Which sinus is found inside the cranial cavity?
The cavernous sinus
What condition can the cavernous sinus get and how?
Can get viral infection like cavernous sinus thrombosis due to close communication with the pterygoid plexus of veins
Where is the cavernous sinus found?
In the cranial cavity
What is the pterygoid plexus
A large complex of veins that receives blood from many structures in the face
Communicates closely with the cavernous sinus
What does the pterygoid plexus communicate with?
The cavernous sinus
The facial nerve (which drains the superficial anterior face)
Communication between the facial nerve and the pterygoid plexus can lead to what?
Creates a route for infection to travel from the anterior facial nerve to the cavernous sinus in the cranial cavity
What do lymphatic vessels do?
They drain tissue fluid from the tissues back to the venous system
Where are lymph nodes found and what do they contain?
Found along the lymphatic vessels
They contain immune cells and are a key part of the body’s immune surveillance system that
What can happen to lymph nodes if they get infected
They can swell in reaction to infection and cancers can lodge and grow in them
What are the two groups the lymph nodes in the head are split into?
A deep group: appears as a chain of nodes around the internal jugular vein
Superficial group: appear mainly as a ring around the base of the head. This group is further divided into subgroups
Where do superficial nodes drain to?
The deep chain
Where do deep nodes drain to?
Medellin chains return lymph to the venous system in the lower neck
