Salivation

Question 1

What are the 3 cranial nerves we need to know

Answer 1

V- Trigeminal
VII- Facial
IX- Glossopharyngeal

Question 2

What are the two types of the ganglion?

Answer 2

Sensory ganglion like the V ganglion

Autonomic ganglion

Question 3

What are the differences between the sensory and autonomic ganglion

Answer 3

Information travels from the periphary to the Central nervous system in a sensory ganglion
Information travels from the CNS to the periphery in a autonomic ganglion

Question 4

What are the 3 salivary glands on the side of the head called?

Answer 4

The parotid
The submandibular
The sublingual

Question 5

Where is the parotid gland located?

Answer 5

Just in front of the ear
It is wrapped around the posterior border of the rams of the mandible
Has a single duct that runs superficial to the masseter muscle before turning medial to pierce the buccinator muscle

Question 6

Where does the parotid gland open into?

Answer 6

The vestibule of the mouth opposite the crown of the second upper molar

Question 7

Describe the submandibular gland and where it is found

Answer 7

It is a horse shapes gland that has intra oral and extra oral parts
The extra oral part can be felt just below the lateral aspect of the body of the mandible
The intra oral part locates inferior to the mucosa of the floor of the mouth

Question 8

How many ducts does the submandibular gland have?

Answer 8

One singular duct that opens at the sub lingual papillae

Question 9

Where is the papilla locates

Answer 9

In the floor of the mouth just behind the lower incisor

There are right and left papillae, which receive the ducts of the right and left submandibular glands respectively.

Question 10

Describe the sublingual gland and where it is found

Answer 10

It is the smallest of the 3 main glands
It is locates between the tongue and the mandible
It opens as a series of ductile along the sub lingual fold

Question 11

Which nervous system branch control the secretion of saliva from the salivary glands

Answer 11

Parasympathetic nervous system (which itself is part of the autonomic nervous system).

Question 12

What do nerves in the autonomic nervous system have on them?

Answer 12

Swellings called ganglia

Question 13

Where are ganglia found?

Answer 13

There are found where nerve fibres join other nerve fibres
The fibres coming into a ganglion (‘pre- ganglionic’ fibres) stop in the ganglion by making a functional connections (synapses) with the cell bodies of the nerve fibres that leave the ganglion (‘post-ganglionic’ fibres)

Question 14

Why do nerve fibres have a ganglion?

Answer 14

As it has to accommodate all the cell bodies of the post ganglionic fibres

Question 15

Where do post ganglionic fibres go after leaving the autonomic ganglion?

Answer 15

To the gland that they are going to the stimuli

Question 16

Where does the parotid gland receive its secretomotor innervation from?

Answer 16

The ninth cranial nerve: glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 17

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve arise from?

Answer 17

The brain and leaves the cranial cavity through a hole in the base of the skull (the jugular foramen)
Then it gives off a small branch called the tympanic branch which goes back into the skull

Question 18

Where does the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal travel to?

Answer 18

Travels through the bone and passes the middle ear cavity.
After leaving the middle ear cavity the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve changes its name to the lesser petrosal nerve

Question 19

Where does the lesser petrosal nerve travel to?

Answer 19

Travel through the temporal bone before entering the cranial cavity
Then it runs under the brain before turning downwards and leaving the skull through an oval shaped opening called the Foramen oval
Then the nerve enters the otic ganglion

Question 20

How do post ganglionic fibres get to the parotid gland?

Answer 20

They do this by joining a branch of the mandibular nerve called the auriculotemporal nerve which carries the post ganglionic fibres to the parotid gland

Question 21

Where do the sub mandibular and sub lingual glands get their secretomotor supply from?

Answer 21

The facia nerve

cranial nerve VII

Question 22

How does the facial nerve travel to the submandibular gland?

Answer 22

The facial nerve leaves the brain and travels through the temporal bone on its way out of the skull
Whilst in the temporal bone the nerve branches through the middle ear cavity (this branch is called the chorda tympani)
The CT carries the pre ganglionic secretomotor fibres of the facial nerve out of the skull into the infra-temporal fossa
CT then joins the lingual nerve (V3 branch of the mandibular nerve)
Lingual nerve carries the pre ganglionic fibres to the submandibular ganglion
The pre-ganglionic fibres then synapse with the post-ganglionic fibres inside the submandibular ganglion.
The post-ganglionic fibres then leave the submandibular ganglion and travel to the submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 23

What is found in the infra-temporal fossa?

Answer 23

The pterygoid muscles

Question 24

Which fibres on the temporalis elevate the mandible?

Answer 24

The vertical fibres

Question 25

Which fibres on the temporalis muscle retract the mandible?

Answer 25

The horizontal fibres

Question 26

Where foes the glossopharyngeal nerve leave the cranium from?

Answer 26

The jugular foramen

Question 27

Where does the petrosal nerve leave the skull from?

Answer 27

The foramen oval

Question 28

Briefly outline the secretomotor nerve pathways to the Parotid gland

Answer 28

1. Cranial nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal)
2. via middle-ear cavity
3. then as lesser
4. petrosal nerve
5. to otic ganglion
6. Synapse.
7. Post-ganglionic fibres pass to gland in auriculotemporal nerve

Question 29

Briefly outline the secretomotor nerve pathways to the submandibular and sublingual gland

Answer 29

1. Cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)
2. via chorda tympani
3. pre ganglionic nerve fibres travel into the Infra temporal fossa
4. branch into the lingual nerve
5. to submandibular ganglion
6. Synapse.
7. Post-ganglionic fibres pass to the glands directly (sub-mandibular gland) or via lingual nerve (sublingual gland)