Vasoconstrictors

Question 1

Functions of vasoconstrictors (3)

Answer 1

Prolong duration of local anesthesia
Decrease likelihood of toxicity
Provide hemostatic effect

Question 2

Groups of vasoconstrictors (3)

Answer 2

Pyrocathetic (epi & ne)
Benzol (levo)
Phenol (phenylephrine)

Question 3

Mode of action of vasoconstrictors

Answer 3

are direct acting agents that attach directly to adrenergic receptors to produce sympathetic reactions

Question 4

Adrenergic receptor that produce vasoconstriction when stimulated

Answer 4

alpha receptors

Question 5

Adrenergic receptors that produce vasodilation when stimulated

Answer 5

beta receptor

Question 6

beta receptor in the heart and small intestine

Answer 6

beta 1

Question 7

beta receptor in the bronchi and vascular beds

Answer 7

beta 2, for bronchodilation

Question 8

Vasoconstrictor drugs (5)

Answer 8

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Levonordefrin
Phenylephrine
Felypressin

Question 9

Explain the rebound activity

Answer 9

excessive bleeding following use of epinephrine, vasodilation after vasoconstriction

Question 10

Dominant effect of norepinephrine stimulates which adrenergic receptor

Answer 10

Alpha

Question 11

Dominant effect of epinephrine stimulates which adrenergic receptor

Answer 11

Equal alpha and beta

at higher dose = alpha
at lower dose = beta

Question 12

T/F. Epinephrine stimulates the CNS even below toxic levels

Answer 12

F. After toxic level is reached

Question 13

Vasoconstrictor that increases blood glucose

Answer 13

Epinephrine

Question 14

Dosage of epinephrine for healthy patients

Answer 14

0.2mg

Question 15

Dosage of epinephrine for patients with cardiac problems

Answer 15

0.04mg

Question 16

Dosage of norepinephrine for patients with cardiac problems

Answer 16

0.14mg

Question 17

Dosage of norepinephrine for healthy patients

Answer 17

0.34mg

Question 18

Tissue necrosis due to intense vasoconstriction

Answer 18

Ischemic effect

Question 19

Vasoconstrictor associated with ischemic effect

Answer 19

norepinephrine

Question 20

Dosage of levonordefrin for patients with cardiac problems

Answer 20

0.4mg

Question 21

Dosage of levonordefrin for healthy patients

Answer 21

1mg

Question 22

Dosage of phenylephrine for patients with cardiac problems

Answer 22

1.6mg

Question 23

Dosage of phenylephrine for healthy patients

Answer 23

4mg

Question 24

Dosage of felypressin

Answer 24

0.27 IU (9ml of 0.03 IU/ml soln)

Question 25

Vasoconstrictor that mostly affect smaller blood vessels such as arterioles

Answer 25

levonordefrin

Question 26

Vasoconstrictor associated with arteriolar constriction

Answer 26

levonordefrin

Question 27

Least potent vasoconstrictor

Answer 27

phenylephrine

Question 28

Most stable vasoconstrictor

Answer 28

phenylephrine

Question 29

Vasoconstrictor similar to an antidiuretic hormone

Answer 29

felypressin

Question 30

Nonsympathomimetic vasoconstrictor

Answer 30

felypressin

Question 31

Contraindication of felypressin

Answer 31

preggers

Question 32

Vasoconstrictor whose action is more pronounced in the venous microcirculation

Answer 32

felypressin

Question 33

Termination of action of endogenous vasoconstrictors

Answer 33

reuptake in the blood stream and restorage in the adrenal medulla

Question 34

Termination of action of exogenous vasoconstrictors (3)

Answer 34

1. Deactivation by extraneuronal enzymes (Catechol-O-methyl-transferase)
2. Uptake by the bloodstream
3. Intraneuronal enzymatic destruction (monoamine oxidase/MAO)

Question 35

Selection of vasoconstrictor is based on: (2)

Answer 35

Duration of desired effect
Physical condition of the patient

Question 36

Potential drug interaction of vasoconstrictors (4)

Answer 36

1. Tricyclic antidepressants
2. MAO inhibitors (for hypertension and certain states of mental depression)
3. Alpha blockers (phenothiazine, phentolamine, -osin hypertension meds)
4. Beta blockers (-olol hypertension meds)

Question 37

Systemic conditions that limit the use of vasoconstriction (5)

Answer 37

1. Thyrotoxicosis
2. Cardiovascular conditions (also a contraindication)
3. Diabetes Mellitus
4. Desire to produce hemostasis
5. Concurrent Medication