Vasculitis Flashcards
What is meant by vasculitis?
Inflammation of blood vessel walls (autoimmune)
How can the types of vasculitis be classified?
Large, medium and small vessel…
Large vessel:
- Giant cell arteritis
- Takayasu’s arteritis
Medium vessel:
- Kawasaki disease
Small vessel:
- Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis)
What are the typical symptoms of vasculitis?
- Purpuric rash
- Joint and muscle pain
- Systemic symptoms: fever, fatigue, weight loss
Which two types of vasculitis most commonly affect children?
- Kawasaki disease
- HSP
HSP tends to present in children, with a purpuric rash affecting the…
Lower limbs and buttocks
Describe the management of HSP
Supportive:
- Analgesia
- Hydration
- Rest
HSP is typically triggered by…
Infection, e.g. URTI, gastroenteritis
What are the clinical features of Kawasaki disease?
- Fever lasting more than 5 days
- Erythematous rash
- Bilateral conjunctivitis
- Desquamation of palms and soles
- Strawberry tongue
A key complication of Kawasaki disease is…
Coronary artery aneurysm
Takayasu’s arteritis is a type of large vessel vasculitis, typically affecting which vessel?
Aorta
Which organs does granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s granulomatosis) typically affect?
- Respiratory tract (cough, haemoptysis)
- Kidneys (glomerulonephritis)
Which antibodies may be present in vasculitis?
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
Which blood vessel does giant cell arteritis typically affect?
Temporal artery
Giant cell arteritis is associated with which rheumatological condition?
Polymyalgia rheumatica
The key complication of giant cell arteritis is…
Vision loss (which is often irreversible)
