Vasculature of the Upper Limb Flashcards
What three major vessels come off of the aortic arch?
-brachiocephalic artery
-left common carotid artery
-left subclavian artery
What does the brachiocephalic break into?
-right common carotid
-right subclavian
What is the origin of the blood supply to the upper limb?
the subclavian arteries
What is the location of the subclavian artery?
posterior to the anterior scalene muscles and posterior to the clavicle
What does the subclavian artery turn into once it enters the axilla?
the axillary artery
The branches of the subclavian arteries supply…
brain, neck, pectoral region, back and posterior shoulder
The branches of the axillary artery supply…
posterior should region, axilla, and lateral thorax
The branches of the brachial artery supply…
arm and cubital region (elbow)
What does the brachial artery split into?
the radial and ulnar arteries
The branches of the radial artery supply…
cubital region, posteror forearm, and hand
The branches of the ulnar artery supply…
cubital region, anterior forearm, and hand
Where is the first part of the subclavian artery?
medial to the anterior scalene muscles
What are the three major branches of the first part of the subclavian artery?
-vertebral artery
-internal thoracic (mammary) artery
-thyrocervical arterial trunk
What does the thyrocervical arterial trunk branch into?
-transverse cervical
-suprascaular
-ascending cervical
-inferior thyroid
What is unique about the transverse cervical artery branch of the subclavian artery?
the superficial and deep branches may form an arterial trunk
-referred to as the cervicodorsal trunk
Where is the second part of the subclavian artery?
posterior to the anterior scalen muscle
What are the branches of the second branch of the second part of the subclavian artery?
costocervical trunk
What are the branches of the costcocervical trunk?
-supreme intercostal
-deep cervical
Where is the third part of the subclavian artery?
lateral to the anterior scalene muscle
What are the branches of the third part of the subclavian artery?
usually no arterial branches but sometimes a dorsal scapular artery
Where does the subclavian artery turn into the axillary artery?
at the lateral border of the first rib
Characteristics of the axillary artery:
-continuation of the subclavian artery
-posterior of the clavicle
-supply the axilla, pectoral, and shoulder regions
-has 3 divisions relative to the pectoralis minor muscle
Where is the first part of the axillary artery?
-proximal and medial to the pectoralis minor
What is the branch of the first part of the axillary artery?
superior thoracic artery
Where does the superior thoracic artery?
passes between pectoralis major and pectoralis minor to supply the first and second intercostal spaces and the superior part of the serratus anterior
Where is the second part of the axillary artery?
posterior to the pectroalis minor muscle
What are the branches of the second part of the axillary artery?
-thoracoacromial trunk
-lateral thoracic artery
What are the branches are of the thoracoacromial trunk?
-pectoral
-deltoid
-acromial
-clavicular
Where is the lateral thoracic artery?
descends along lateral border of pectoralis minor muscle to lateral thoracic wall
-supply pectoral, serratus anterior, intercostal muscles, and lateral aspect of breast
Where is the third part of the axillary artery?
distal and lateral to the pectoralis minor muscle
What are the branches of the subscapular artery?
-circumflex scapular
-thoracodorsal
Why is the circumflex scapular artery important?
primary in scapular anastomoses
What does the thoracodorsal artery supply?
latissimus dorsi
What forms collateral circulation of the scapula?
branches of subclavian and axillary arteries
What are the arterial branches that form anastomoses?
-suprascaular (subclavian)
-dorsal scapular (deep branch of transverse cervical)
-posterior intercostal (t. aorta)
-circumflex scapular (subscapular)
-thoracodorsal (subscapular)
What is the brachial artery?
continuation of the axillary artery
Where does the brachial artery start?
at the inferior border of the teres major muscle
What does the brachial artery turn into?
ulnar and radial arteries
What are the branches of the brachial artery?
-profunda brachii
-superior ulnar collateral
-interior ulnar collateral
What are the branches of the ulnar artery?
-anterior ulnar recurrent
-posterior ulnar recurrent
-common interosseous
What are the branches of the common interosseous artery?
-anterior interosseous
-posteror interosseous
-recurrent interosseous
What are the branches of the radial artery?
there is only one
-radial recurrent
Where do the brachial and ulnar arteries anastomose?
superior ulnar collateral - posterior ulnar recurrent
inferior ulnar collateral - anterior ulnar recurrent
Where do the deep brachial artery and the radial and interosseous arteries anastomse?
radial collateral - radial recurrent
middle collateral - interosseous recurrent
What arteries supply the anterior forearm?
-ulnar artery
-radial artery
-anterior interosseous artery
What arteries supply the posterior forearm?
-radial artery
-recurrent interosseous artery
-posterior interosseous artery
-dorsal carpal branch (of the ulnar artery)
What arteries supply the anterior/palmar surface of the hand?
-superficial palmar arch (ulnar artery)
*common palmar digital artery
*proper palmar digital artery
-deep palmar arch (radial artery)
What arteries supply the posterior/dorsal hand?
mostly the radial artery
-princeps pollicis (medial thumb)
-dorsal carpal arch
-distal digital arteries
What are the two main superficial veins of the upper limb?
cephalic and basalic veins
Where do the cephalic and basilic veins meet?
in the cubital fossa by the median cubital vein
What vein enters the deltopectoral triangle and drains into the axillary vein?
cephalic vein
What vein enters the basilic hiatus and joins the branchial veins to forms the axillary veins?
basilic vein
Where do veins form the hand and wrist drain into?
the radial and ulnar veins in the forearm
Where do the radial and ulnar veins drain into?
the brachial veins in the arm
Where does the axillary vein form?
where the brachial vein joins with basilic vein
What does the axillary vein pick up?
the cephalic vein
Where do the axillary and cephalic veins drain into?
the subclavian vein
