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Anatomy Exam 4 > The Shoulder: Superficial & Deep Structures > Flashcards

The Shoulder: Superficial & Deep Structures Flashcards

1
Q

which group of muscles are described as “the superficial, or extrinsic, muscles of the back that move the upper limb and pectoral girdle”?

A

posterior axio-appendicular muscles

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2
Q

ID muscle

A

trapezius

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3
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the trapezius?

A

-external occiptal protuberance of skull
-nuchal ligament
-spinous processes of vertebrae

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4
Q

what is the distal attachment of the trapezius?

A

-lateral third of clavicle (anterior)
-acromion
-spine of scapula

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5
Q

what are the actions of the trapezius?

A

-elevates scapula
-depresses scapula
-retracts scapula
-rotates glenoid fossa superiorly (upward rotation of scapula)

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6
Q

what is the motor innervation of the trapezius?

A

spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)

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7
Q

what is the sensory innervation of the trapezius? (pain & proprioception)

A

cervical plexus (C3 & C4)

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8
Q

ID muscle

A

latissimus dorsi

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9
Q

what is the proximal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

-spinous processes
-thoracolumbar fascia
-iliac crest
-inferior 3 ribs

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10
Q

what is the distal attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

-floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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11
Q

what are the actions of the latissimus dorsi?

A

-extends humerus
-adducts humerus
-medially rotates humerus
-raises torso towards arms when climbing or doing a pull-up

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12
Q

what is the motor & sensory innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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13
Q

ID muscle

A

rhomboid minor

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14
Q

what is the proximal attachment for rhomboid minor?

A

-nuchal ligament
-spinous processes of vertebrae

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15
Q

what is the distal attachment for rhomboid minor?

A

medial end of scapular spine

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16
Q

what are the actions of both rhomboid major and rhomboid minor?

A

retract, elevate, and rotate scapula downward, as well as fix it to thoracic wall

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17
Q

what is the motor & sensory innervation for both rhomboid major and rhomboid minor?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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18
Q

ID muscle

A

rhomboid major

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19
Q

what is the proximal attachment for rhomboid major?

A

spinous processes of vertebrae

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20
Q

what is the distal attachment for rhomboid major?

A

medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

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21
Q

ID muscle

A

levator scapulae

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22
Q

what is the proximal attachment for levator scapulae?

A

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae

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23
Q

what is the distal attachment for levator scapulae?

A

-medial border of scapula
-superior angle of scapula

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24
Q

what are the actions of levator scapulae?

A

-elevates scapula and tilts glenoid fossa inferiorly by rotating scapula (downward rotation)

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25
Q

what is the motor & sensory innervation of levator scapulae?

A

cervical plexus (C3 & C4) & dorsal scapular nerve

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26
Q

which muscles are innervated by the ventral rami of spinal nerves via branches of the brachial plexus?

A

muscles of the pectoral region

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27
Q

which muscles are included in the pectoral region?

A

-pectoralis major
-pectoralis minor
-subclavius
-serratus anterior

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28
Q

ID muscle

A

pectoralis major

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29
Q

what is the proximal attachment of pectoralis major?

A

clavicular and sternocostal attachments
-anterior surface of medial 1/2 of clavicle
-anterior surface of sternum and superior costal cartilages

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30
Q

what is the distal attachment of pectoralis major?

A

-lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

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31
Q

what are the actions of pectoralis major?

A

-adducts & medial rotates humerus
-draws scapula anteriorly & inferiorly (via clavicle)
-clavicular portion flexes humerus
-sternal portion can extend humerus while it is in this flexed position

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32
Q

what is the motor & sensory innervation of pectoralis major?

A

lateral & medial pectoral nerves

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33
Q

ID muscle

A

pectoralis minor

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34
Q

what is the proximal attachment of pectoralis minor?

A

-3rd & 5th ribs, near costal cartilages

35
Q

what is the distal attachment of pectoralis minor?

A

coracoid process of scapula

36
Q

what are the actions of pectoralis minor?

A

-stabilizes scapula by pulling it anteriorly & inferiorly against posterior thoracic wall

37
Q

what is the motor & sensory innervation of pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve
(usually pierced by this nerve)

38
Q

ID muscle

A

serratus anterior

39
Q

what is the proximal attachment of serratus anterior?

A

external surfaces of lateral parts of ribs

40
Q

what is the distal attachment of serratus anterior?

A

anterior surface of medial border of scapula

41
Q

what are the actions of serratus anterior?

A

-protracts scapula
-rotates scapula
-holds scapula against thorax
-allows full abduction of humerus; arms raised above head

42
Q

what is the motor & sensory innervation of serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve

43
Q

ID muscle

A

subclavius

44
Q

what is the proximal attachment of subclavius?

A

junction of 1st rib & its costal cartilage

45
Q

what is the distal attachment of subclavius?

A

inferior surface of middle 1/3 of clavicle

46
Q

what are the actions of subclavius?

A

anchors and depresses clavicle

47
Q

what are the motor & sensory innervation of subclavius?

A

“nerve to subclavius”

48
Q

what group of muscles attach the scapula to the humerus & move the humerus at the shoulder joint and contribute to the stabilization of this joint?

A

scapulohumeral (intrinsic) musculature

49
Q

what innervates all of the scapulohumeral musculature?

A

brachial plexus

50
Q

what muscles are included in the scapulohumeral musculature?

A

-deltoid
-teres major
-subscapularis
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor

51
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

-subscapularis
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-teres minor

52
Q

ID muscle

A

deltoid

53
Q

what is the proximal attachment of deltoid?

A

-lateral 1/3 of clavicle
-acromion
-spine of scapula

54
Q

what is the distal attachment of deltoid?

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

55
Q

what are the actions of deltoid?

A

-flexes, medially rotates, abducts, extends, and laterally rotates humerus

56
Q

what is the innervation of the deltoid?

A

axillary nerve

57
Q

ID muscle

A

teres major

58
Q

what is the proximal attachment of teres major?

A

posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

59
Q

what is the distal attachment of teres major?

A

medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

60
Q

what are the actions of teres major?

A

abducts and medially rotates humerus

61
Q

what is the motor & sensory innervation of teres major?

A

lower subscapular nerve

62
Q

which two muscles both attach to medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus?

A

latissimus dorsi and teres major

63
Q

ID muscle

A

supraspinatus

64
Q

what is the proximal attachment of supraspinatus?

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

65
Q

what is the distal attachment of supraspinatus?

A

superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

66
Q

what are the actions of supraspinatus?

A

works with deltoid in abduction of humerus & acts with other rotator cuff muscles in stabilizing shoulder joint

67
Q

what are the motor & sensory innervation of supraspinatus?

A

suprascapular nerve

68
Q

ID muscle

A

infraspinatus

69
Q

what is the proximal attachment of infraspinatus?

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

70
Q

what is the distal attachment of infraspinatus?

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

71
Q

what are the actions of infraspinatus?

A

laterally rotates humerus & helps hold humeral head in place

72
Q

what are the motor & sensory innervation of infraspinatus?

A

suprascapular nerve

73
Q

ID muscle

A

teres minor

74
Q

what is the proximal attachment of teres minor?

A

middle part of lateral border of scapula

75
Q

what is the distal attachment of teres minor?

A

inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

76
Q

what are the actions of teres minor?

A

laterally rotates humerus & helps hold humeral head in place

77
Q

what is the motor & sensory innervation of teres minor?

A

axillary nerve

78
Q

what two muscles are innervated by axillary nerve?

A

-deltoid
-teres minor

79
Q

ID muscle

A

subscapularis

80
Q

what is the proximal attachment of subscapularis?

A

subscapular fossa (anterior surface of scapula)

81
Q

what is the distal attachment of subscapularis?

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

82
Q

what are the actions of subscapularis?

A

medially rotates and adducts humerus helps hold humeral head in place

83
Q

what are the motor & sensory innervation of subscapularis?

A

upper & lower subscapular nerves

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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