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Anatomy Exam 4 > Osteology and Joints of the Upper Arm > Flashcards

Osteology and Joints of the Upper Arm Flashcards

1
Q

What bone is this?

A

clavicle

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2
Q

What bone is in red?

A

scapula

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3
Q

What bone is this?

A

humerus

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4
Q

what bone is this?

A

radius

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5
Q

what bone is this?

A

ulna

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6
Q

What bones make up the wrist?

A

carpals

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7
Q

What bones make up the fingers?

A

phalanges

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8
Q

What is the anterior hand called?

A

palmar

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9
Q

What is the posterior hand called?

A

dorsum

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10
Q

Anterior elbow region?

A

cubital region

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11
Q

posterior elbow region?

A

Elbow region

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12
Q

What surface of the hand is most of the muscle on ?

A

the palmar surface

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13
Q

What bones makes up the shoulder?

A

clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus

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14
Q

What makes up the scapular girdle?

A

clavicle and scapula

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15
Q

Where does the clavicle articulate with the scapula?

A

the sternoclavicular joint

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16
Q

What is the only boney articular of the shoulder? (holds the entire upper limb to the body)

A

sternoclavicular joint

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17
Q

Where does the acromion surface of the clavicle attach?

A

to the scapula

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18
Q

Where does the sternal end of the clavicle attach?

A

to the sternum

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19
Q

Where is the groove of subclavieus?

A

on the inferior side of the clavicle

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20
Q

Where is the cornoid tubercle?

A

on the inferior side of the clavicle

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21
Q

Where does the head of the humerus artculate with the scapula?

A

in the glenoid cavity

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22
Q

what is the shape of the glenoid cavity?

A

piriform (pear)

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23
Q

another name for anteiror surface of the scapula?

A

costal surface

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24
Q

Where does the head of the humerusattach to the humerus?

A

at the anatomical neck

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25
Q

Where is the radial groove?

A

on the posterior side of the proximal humerus

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26
Q

What does the capitulum attach to?

A

the radius of the forearm

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27
Q

What does the trochlea attach to ?

A

the ulna of the forearm

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28
Q

On what side of the humerus is the coronoid fossa ?

A

anterior

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29
Q

On what side of the humerus is the olecranon fossa?

A

posterior

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30
Q

Which forearm bone has a larger proximal end?

A

the ulna

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31
Q

Which forearm bone has a larger distal end?

A

the radius

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32
Q

On which bone is the trochlear notch?

A

the ulna

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33
Q

Why is the radial tuberosity important?

A

this is where the biceps attaches

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34
Q

How to remember the carpal bones?

A

so
long
to
pinky
here
comes
the
thumb
(scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium)

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35
Q

Which carpal bone can you not see form the dorsal view?

A

the pisiform

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36
Q

How many metacarpals are there?

A

5

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37
Q

How many phalangeal segments does the thumb have?

A

2

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38
Q

How many phalangeal segments do digits 2-5 have?

A

3

39
Q

What are the two structural classificatioins of joints?

A

solid and synovial

40
Q

What are the two types of the solid joints?

A

fibrous and cartilagenous

41
Q

Examples of fibrous joints?

A

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

42
Q

Examples of cartilagenous joints ?

A

synchondroses and symphyses

43
Q

What are things included in synvoial joints?

A

joint capsule, hyaline cartilage, some have articular discs
(very mobile)

44
Q

What are the functional classificaitons of joints?

A

-synarthrosis
-amphiarthrosis
-diarthrosis

45
Q

How much movement is involved with synarthrosis?

A

none

46
Q

How much movement is involved with amphiarthrosis?

A

only a little

47
Q

How much movement is involved with diarthrosis?

A

a lot of movement
(this is most of the synovial joints )

48
Q

What are the types of movement seen at synovial joints ?

A

-nonaxial
-uniaxial
-biaxial
-multiaxial

49
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

uniaxial joint

50
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

multiaxial

51
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicualr joint?

A

synovial; plane

52
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral?

A

synovial; ball and socket
-multiaxial

53
Q

What type of joint is the elbow?

A

synovial; hinge
-uniaxial

54
Q

What type of joint is the radioulnar? (proximal)

A

synovial; pivot
-uniaxial

55
Q

What type of joint is the radioulnar? (distal)

A

synovial; pivot
-uniaxial

56
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular?

A

synovial; shallow saddle
-multiaxial

57
Q

What makes the pectoral girdle?

A

scapula and clavicle only

58
Q

What three types of ligaments support the sternoclavicular joint ?

A

-sternoclavicular
-costoclavicular
-interclavicular

59
Q

What movements can occur at the sternoclavicular joint?

A

-elevation/depression
-protraction/retraction
-rotation

60
Q

When does the epiphyseal plate of the sternoclavicular joint fuse ?

A

around 25 years old

61
Q

What does ankylosis?

A

two bones fused or stuck together

62
Q

A 41 year old, right-handed farmer was struck in the chest by a charging bull that forced him to the ground and trampled on him. He presented with complaints of pain localized to the right sternoclavicular area, intermittent right upper extremity paresthesias, and occasional subjective feelings of shortness of breath. He denied hand, wrist, or elbow weakness and have no difficulty swallowing. On clinical examination he had a ‘stooped’ posture with protraction of his right scapula. There was bruising over the right sternoclavicular joint, with obvious local deformity. The range of motion of his right arm was markedly limited secondary to pain. What does the 3 dimensional CT scan below suggest is the cause of his physical distress?

A

right sternoclavicular dislocation

63
Q

What three ligaments help to support the acromioclavicular joint?

A

-acromioclavicular ligament
-trapezoid ligament
-conoid ligament

64
Q

What makes up the coracoacromial arch?

A

-coracoacromial ligament and coracoid process

65
Q

What is another name for acromioclavicular joint dislocation?

A

separated shoulder

66
Q

What is the piano key sign?

A

inflammation of the acromioclavicular joint that is red

67
Q

A 35 year old woman crashes her bicycle into a tree where she rides off a rocky ledge while participating in a mountain bike race. She landed on her left arm an sustained a fractured olecranon. In addition, she complained of pain when trying to move her left shoulder and there was a rather prominent lump with swelling and edema over the superior aspect of her left shoulder. What additional injury has she likely sustained?

A

left shoulder separation

68
Q

What is the glenohumoral joint?

A

what is normally thought of as the shoulder joint

69
Q

Where does the long tendon of biceps brachii attach?

A

supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and glenoid labrum

70
Q

What ligaments are associated with the capsule of the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments

71
Q

What are bursas ?

A

pillows of synovial fluid between the muscle and joint capsule and/or bone and joint capsule

72
Q

What are the bursa of the glenohumeral joint?

A

-subscapular
-subacromial
-subcoracoid
-synovial sheath

73
Q

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-subscapularis
-teres minor

74
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle is on the anterior side of the scapula?

A

subscapularis

75
Q

What is the most common spot for shoulder dislocaiton?

A

inferior anterior

76
Q

What causes interior anterior dislocaiton of the shoulder?

A

hyperextension with lateral rotation

77
Q

What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

deltoid and teres minor

78
Q

What is frozen shoulder?

A

stiffening of the shoulder due to chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis

79
Q

A 35 year old woman robs a grocery store and flees on foot, pursued by the store owner. Before law enforcement arrives and catches up the them, the store owner managers to subdue the woman. The store owner grabs the woman by both of her arms and pulls them behind her, such that her arms are extended behind her back and laterally rotated. She winces in pain as her left shoulder becomes dislocated. Which of the following nerves has likely been injured?
A. radial
B.axillary
C. musculocutaneous
D. dorsal scapular
E. long thoracic

A

axillary

80
Q

What three articulations make the elbow joint?

A

-humeroulnar
-humeroradial
-proximal radioulnar

81
Q

What are the primary flexors are the upper limb?

A

biceps brachialis and brachaliais

82
Q

What muscle functions to extend the arm?

A

triceps

83
Q

What three ligaments are important for the elbow joint?

A

-radial collateral
-annular ligament
-medial collateral

84
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis?

A

tennis elbow
-tendons of the forearm extensor become inflammed or torn (extensor carpi radialis brevis)

85
Q

A 4year old girl presents in the ED with a painful right arm. She refuses to move her arm and holds it close to her body. There is no evident swelling or bruising. Her parents report that earlier that day they have been visiting a local city festival. At one point while crossing a busy street, the girl started forward into a crosswalk and the mother quickly grabbed the girl by the right hand and pulled her back, fearing that a car was coming. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

-sublaxation of the radial head

86
Q

What is sublaxation of the radial head?

A

the head of the radius is removed from the joint by a force (dislocated)
-nursemaids elbow

87
Q

How many carpal bones?

A

8

88
Q

How many metacarpals?

A

5

89
Q

What is the axis of motion of the hand?

A

the middle finger biotches

90
Q

Where does most of the flexion of the wrist occur?

A

midcarpal joint

91
Q

Where does most of the extension of the wrist occur?

A

radiocarpal joint

92
Q

What is transverse carpal ligament associated with?

A

carpal tunnel

93
Q

What limits the radial abduction?

A

styloid process

Anatomy Exam 4 (8 decks)

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