Osteology and Joints of the Upper Arm Flashcards
What bone is this?
clavicle
What bone is in red?
scapula
What bone is this?
humerus
what bone is this?
radius
what bone is this?
ulna
What bones make up the wrist?
carpals
What bones make up the fingers?
phalanges
What is the anterior hand called?
palmar
What is the posterior hand called?
dorsum
Anterior elbow region?
cubital region
posterior elbow region?
Elbow region
What surface of the hand is most of the muscle on ?
the palmar surface
What bones makes up the shoulder?
clavicle, scapula, and proximal humerus
What makes up the scapular girdle?
clavicle and scapula
Where does the clavicle articulate with the scapula?
the sternoclavicular joint
What is the only boney articular of the shoulder? (holds the entire upper limb to the body)
sternoclavicular joint
Where does the acromion surface of the clavicle attach?
to the scapula
Where does the sternal end of the clavicle attach?
to the sternum
Where is the groove of subclavieus?
on the inferior side of the clavicle
Where is the cornoid tubercle?
on the inferior side of the clavicle
Where does the head of the humerus artculate with the scapula?
in the glenoid cavity
what is the shape of the glenoid cavity?
piriform (pear)
another name for anteiror surface of the scapula?
costal surface
Where does the head of the humerusattach to the humerus?
at the anatomical neck
Where is the radial groove?
on the posterior side of the proximal humerus
What does the capitulum attach to?
the radius of the forearm
What does the trochlea attach to ?
the ulna of the forearm
On what side of the humerus is the coronoid fossa ?
anterior
On what side of the humerus is the olecranon fossa?
posterior
Which forearm bone has a larger proximal end?
the ulna
Which forearm bone has a larger distal end?
the radius
On which bone is the trochlear notch?
the ulna
Why is the radial tuberosity important?
this is where the biceps attaches
How to remember the carpal bones?
so
long
to
pinky
here
comes
the
thumb
(scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium)
Which carpal bone can you not see form the dorsal view?
the pisiform
How many metacarpals are there?
5
How many phalangeal segments does the thumb have?
2
How many phalangeal segments do digits 2-5 have?
3
What are the two structural classificatioins of joints?
solid and synovial
What are the two types of the solid joints?
fibrous and cartilagenous
Examples of fibrous joints?
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
Examples of cartilagenous joints ?
synchondroses and symphyses
What are things included in synvoial joints?
joint capsule, hyaline cartilage, some have articular discs
(very mobile)
What are the functional classificaitons of joints?
-synarthrosis
-amphiarthrosis
-diarthrosis
How much movement is involved with synarthrosis?
none
How much movement is involved with amphiarthrosis?
only a little
How much movement is involved with diarthrosis?
a lot of movement
(this is most of the synovial joints )
What are the types of movement seen at synovial joints ?
-nonaxial
-uniaxial
-biaxial
-multiaxial
What type of joint is the elbow?
uniaxial joint
What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
multiaxial
What type of joint is the acromioclavicualr joint?
synovial; plane
What type of joint is the glenohumeral?
synovial; ball and socket
-multiaxial
What type of joint is the elbow?
synovial; hinge
-uniaxial
What type of joint is the radioulnar? (proximal)
synovial; pivot
-uniaxial
What type of joint is the radioulnar? (distal)
synovial; pivot
-uniaxial
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular?
synovial; shallow saddle
-multiaxial
What makes the pectoral girdle?
scapula and clavicle only
What three types of ligaments support the sternoclavicular joint ?
-sternoclavicular
-costoclavicular
-interclavicular
What movements can occur at the sternoclavicular joint?
-elevation/depression
-protraction/retraction
-rotation
When does the epiphyseal plate of the sternoclavicular joint fuse ?
around 25 years old
What does ankylosis?
two bones fused or stuck together
A 41 year old, right-handed farmer was struck in the chest by a charging bull that forced him to the ground and trampled on him. He presented with complaints of pain localized to the right sternoclavicular area, intermittent right upper extremity paresthesias, and occasional subjective feelings of shortness of breath. He denied hand, wrist, or elbow weakness and have no difficulty swallowing. On clinical examination he had a ‘stooped’ posture with protraction of his right scapula. There was bruising over the right sternoclavicular joint, with obvious local deformity. The range of motion of his right arm was markedly limited secondary to pain. What does the 3 dimensional CT scan below suggest is the cause of his physical distress?
right sternoclavicular dislocation
What three ligaments help to support the acromioclavicular joint?
-acromioclavicular ligament
-trapezoid ligament
-conoid ligament
What makes up the coracoacromial arch?
-coracoacromial ligament and coracoid process
What is another name for acromioclavicular joint dislocation?
separated shoulder
What is the piano key sign?
inflammation of the acromioclavicular joint that is red
A 35 year old woman crashes her bicycle into a tree where she rides off a rocky ledge while participating in a mountain bike race. She landed on her left arm an sustained a fractured olecranon. In addition, she complained of pain when trying to move her left shoulder and there was a rather prominent lump with swelling and edema over the superior aspect of her left shoulder. What additional injury has she likely sustained?
left shoulder separation
What is the glenohumoral joint?
what is normally thought of as the shoulder joint
Where does the long tendon of biceps brachii attach?
supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and glenoid labrum
What ligaments are associated with the capsule of the glenohumeral joint?
glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligaments
What are bursas ?
pillows of synovial fluid between the muscle and joint capsule and/or bone and joint capsule
What are the bursa of the glenohumeral joint?
-subscapular
-subacromial
-subcoracoid
-synovial sheath
What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?
-supraspinatus
-infraspinatus
-subscapularis
-teres minor
Which rotator cuff muscle is on the anterior side of the scapula?
subscapularis
What is the most common spot for shoulder dislocaiton?
inferior anterior
What causes interior anterior dislocaiton of the shoulder?
hyperextension with lateral rotation
What muscles does the axillary nerve innervate?
deltoid and teres minor
What is frozen shoulder?
stiffening of the shoulder due to chronic inflammation leading to fibrosis
A 35 year old woman robs a grocery store and flees on foot, pursued by the store owner. Before law enforcement arrives and catches up the them, the store owner managers to subdue the woman. The store owner grabs the woman by both of her arms and pulls them behind her, such that her arms are extended behind her back and laterally rotated. She winces in pain as her left shoulder becomes dislocated. Which of the following nerves has likely been injured?
A. radial
B.axillary
C. musculocutaneous
D. dorsal scapular
E. long thoracic
axillary
What three articulations make the elbow joint?
-humeroulnar
-humeroradial
-proximal radioulnar
What are the primary flexors are the upper limb?
biceps brachialis and brachaliais
What muscle functions to extend the arm?
triceps
What three ligaments are important for the elbow joint?
-radial collateral
-annular ligament
-medial collateral
What is lateral epicondylitis?
tennis elbow
-tendons of the forearm extensor become inflammed or torn (extensor carpi radialis brevis)
A 4year old girl presents in the ED with a painful right arm. She refuses to move her arm and holds it close to her body. There is no evident swelling or bruising. Her parents report that earlier that day they have been visiting a local city festival. At one point while crossing a busy street, the girl started forward into a crosswalk and the mother quickly grabbed the girl by the right hand and pulled her back, fearing that a car was coming. What is the likely diagnosis?
-sublaxation of the radial head
What is sublaxation of the radial head?
the head of the radius is removed from the joint by a force (dislocated)
-nursemaids elbow
How many carpal bones?
8
How many metacarpals?
5
What is the axis of motion of the hand?
the middle finger biotches
Where does most of the flexion of the wrist occur?
midcarpal joint
Where does most of the extension of the wrist occur?
radiocarpal joint
What is transverse carpal ligament associated with?
carpal tunnel
What limits the radial abduction?
styloid process
