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Anatomy Block 3 > Vasculature of the Abdomen > Flashcards

Vasculature of the Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Abdominal aorta a continuation of

A

Thoracic descending aorta

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2
Q

Where does the Abdominal aorta begin

A

aortic haitus of diaphragm T12 Vertebra

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3
Q

Is the Abdominal aorta intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

retroperitoneal

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4
Q

What does the abdominal aorta divide into at its end and where

A

Common iliac arteries at L4

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5
Q

What are the 3 large anterior unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta, and what do they supply

A

Celiac Trunk
Superior Mesenteric artery
Inferior Mesenteric artery

Supplies Gastrointestinal tract

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6
Q

What are 6 branches of the abdominal aorta to the abdominal wall and paired abdominal glands? Which are unpaired?

A 
Inferior phrenic
Lumbar
Middle Suprarenal
Renal (give off inferior suprarenal)
Gonadal
Median Sacral

Median Sacral unpaired

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7
Q

Where do the inferior phrenic arteries arise and what do they provide?

A

pair arises immediately above origin of celiac trunk

provides diaphragm
also superior suprarenal arteries

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8
Q

Where do the Lumbar arteries arise and what do they provide? And how many are there?

A

4 pairs of arteries

Arise at levels of L1-L4

Posterior branches supply:
Spinal cord
Cauda equina
Spinal Meninges

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9
Q

Where do the Middle Suprarenal arteries arise?

A

Pair arises at L1

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10
Q

Where do the Renal arteries arise and what do they provide?

A

Arise at L1

Supply the kidneys
also provide inferior suprarenal arteries

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11
Q

Where do the gonadal arteries arise?

A

Just below renal arteries at L2

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12
Q

Where do the Median Sacral arteries arise?

A

Unpaired and small

is caudal continuation of aorta

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13
Q

What was the artery of the embryoic foregut

A

Celiac trunk

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14
Q

How long is the celiac trunk

A

1-2 cm

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15
Q

What 7 things does the celiac trunk provide for

A 
Stomach
adjacent esophagus
proximal duodenum
liver
gall bladder
pancreas
spleen
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16
Q

Where does the celiac trunk arise

A

Just below aortic hiatus at T12

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17
Q

What are generally the 3 branches of the celiac trunk

A

Left Gastric
Common Hepatic
Splenic

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18
Q

What arteries may frequently be given off the celiac trunk (excluding 3 general)

A

dorsal pancreatic artery

inferior phrenic arteries

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19
Q

What is the smallest branch of the celiac trunk and which direction off of the celiac trunk does it run?

A

Left gastric

To the left off celiac trunk

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20
Q

What does the left gastric supply

A

Lesser curvature of stomach and the esophagus

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21
Q

What is the path of the left gastric and what does it anstamose with

A

goes left and courses between layers of lesser omentum to eventually anastamose with right gastric

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22
Q

What artery off the Celiac trunk runs to the right posterior to the duodenum?

A

Common hepatic

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23
Q

Once it passes behind the duodenum what does the common hepatic split into

A

ascending: proper hepatic artery
Descending: gastroduodenal artery

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24
Q

what does the proper hepatic enter and what does it give off there

A

Enters Hepatoduodenal ligament of lesser omentum

gives off right gastric

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25
Q

What does the proper hepatic terminate as

A

left and right hepatic arteries

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26
Q

Where does the gastroduodenal artery pass between and what does it give off while there

A

superior (1st) part of duodeum and pancreas

Gives off the duodenal branches

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27
Q

What does the gastroduodenal artery temrinate as

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal

Right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic)

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28
Q

What is the largest celiac branch

A

Splenic

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29
Q

What is the path of the splenic artery and what does it supply along that path?

A 
Follows superior border of the pancreas then enters splenorenal ligament
Supplies:
Pancreas
Spleen
Greater curvature of the stomach
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30
Q

What does 3 things does the splenic artery give off after it enters the splenorenal ligament

A

Short gastric branches
splenic branches
Left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic)

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31
Q

What does the Left gastro-omental artery anastamose with and where

A

Right gastro-omental

In Greater omentum

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32
Q

What does the superior Mesenteric artery supply

A

Derivatives of the midgut

mainly most of the small intestine (exept proximal duodenum) and large intestine up to left colic flexure

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33
Q

Where Does the superior mesenteric artery arise

A

Posterior to the body of the pancreas at L1

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34
Q

What is the path of the Superior Mesenteric once it arises

A

Descends over:
left renal vein
uncinate process of pancreas
horizontal (3rd) part of duodenum)

Then
Enters: the root of the mesentery of the the small intestine

Then: Follows oblique course towards the right ilac fossa

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35
Q

What 3 things does the Superior Mesenteric descend over

A

left renal vein
uncinate process of pancreas
horizontal (3rd) part of duodenum)

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36
Q

What are the 5 branches of the superior mesenteric

A 
Inferior pacreaticoduodenal
Intestinal
Right Colic (often branch of ileocolic or middle or absent) 
Ileocolic
Middle Colic
37
Q

Which direction does the Inferior pacreaticoduodenal pass and what does it divide into

A

Passes to the right

Divides into anterior and posterior branches

38
Q

What do the anterior and posterior branches of the Inferior pacreaticoduodenal help to form and with what?

A

pacreaticoduodenal arcades

With branches of the Superior pacreaticoduodenal artery from celiac trunk

39
Q

What are the intestinal arteries divided into and how many are there

A

Jejunal and ileal arteries

15-18

40
Q

Where do the ileal and jejunal intestinal arteries pass

A

to the left, between layers of mesentery

41
Q

What do the ileal and jejunal intestinal arteries do in the mesentery

A

Form a series of arterial arcades

42
Q

How many layers of arches are formed at the upper jejunal and ileal region

A

one or two at upper jejunal

3 to 5 at ileal

43
Q

What arte the small straight vessls that arise from the last arch in a series and what do they supply

A

Vasa recta

supply intestine

44
Q

What is the lowermost branch of the Superior mesenteric and what does it supply

A

Ileocolic

Ileum
cecum
appendix

45
Q

What artery supplies the asceding colon

A

Right colic

46
Q

What is the right colic a branch of

A

often ileocolic or middle colic

but may be absent altogether

47
Q

What artery supplies the transverse colon and were does it enter

A

Middle colic

transverse mesocolon

48
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

Descending and sigmoid colons
proximal rectum
(derivatives of hindgut)

49
Q

Where does the inferior mesenteric arise and pass (relative to aorta)

A

Just below the 3rd part of the duodenum at level of L3

passes downward and to left of the aorta

50
Q

What are the 3 branches of the inferior mesenteric

A

Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior Rectal

51
Q

What artery supplies the descending colon

A

Left Colic

52
Q

How many sigmoid arteries are there and what do they suply

A

2 to 4

supply sigmoid colon

53
Q

What supplies the proximal rectum

A

superior rectal

54
Q

Where does the superior rectal artery arise

A

it is a continuation of inferior mesenteric as it crosses the left common iliac vessels

55
Q

What do branches of the sueprior rectal anastomose with

A

Terminal branches of middle and inferior recal arteries of internal iliac system

56
Q

What is the name for the series of anastomoses between adjacent branches of inferior mesenteric, adjacent branches of superior mesenteric, and adjacent branches of the two systems?

A

Marginal artery

57
Q

What are the anastomoses within the continuous arch known as the marginal artery

A

anastomoses between adjacent branches of inferior mesenteric

anastomoses between adjacent branches of superior mesenteric

anastomoses between adjacent branches of the two systems

58
Q

What is the largest vein in the body

A

Inferior Vena Cava

59
Q

What union forms the inferior vena cava and at what vertebral level

A

Union of common iliac veins

At level of L5

60
Q

Is the inferior vena cava intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

retroperitoneal

61
Q

What is the position of the Inferior vena cava relative to the aorta

A

ascends the abdominal cavity to the right of the aorta

62
Q

Where does the inferior vena cava pierce the diaphragm

A

Vena caval foramen at t8

63
Q

What do tributaries of the inferior vena cava generally correspond to and what is the exception to that

A

Arterial branches of the aorta

The veins that empty into hepatic portal vein

64
Q

What are the 7 Tribuaries associated with the Inferior vena cava

A 
Lumbar
Common Iliac
Hepatic
Renal
Right Gonadal
Right Suprarenal
Right Inferior phrenic
65
Q

What forms the common iliac vein

A

Union of external and internal iliac veins

66
Q

How many pairs of lumbar veins are there and how many does the Inferior vena cava recieve

A

4 pairs

variable number

67
Q

Where do the renal veins lie in relation to the renal arteries

A

anterior

68
Q

What is the size comparison of the left and right renal veins and why is it so

A

Left longer than right

due to embryology of inferior vena cava

69
Q

Where does the left renal vein pass between and what does it recieve

A

passes between superior mesenteric artery and aorta

recieves
left gonadal
left suprarenal

70
Q

Which gondal vein is shorter and where do each drain

A

Right is shorter

Left drains to left renal
Right drains to inferior vena cava

71
Q

Which suprarenal vein is shorter and where do each drain

A

Right is shorter

Left drains to left renal
Right drains to inferior vena cava

72
Q

Where do the left and right inferior phrenic nerves drain into

A

left inferior phrenic: left suprarenal (which drains into left renal)

Right drains into inferior vena cava

73
Q

Where do the hepatic veins drain

A

inferior vena cava just as it passes through diaphragm

74
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein receive blood ffrom

A

All venous blood from GI tract (minus lower portion of anal canal), pancreas and spleen

75
Q

Where is the hepatic portal vein formed and by what

A

formed behind pancreas

by union of splenic vein (inferior to artery)
and Superior mesenteric vein (right of artery)

Inferior Mesenteric empties into one of those veins

76
Q

After it has been formed what veins does the portal vein recieve and what doe it enter once it recieves them

A

Gastric veins

Enters hepatoduodenal ligament

77
Q

What is anterior to the portal vein in the hepatoduodenal ligament

A

proper hepatic artery and common bile duct

78
Q

where does the portal vein divide into left and right portal viens

A

Porta hepatis

79
Q

What is unique about the portal vein and its tributaries

A

No functionally competent valves

80
Q

What other venous system does the portal system communicate with

A

Caval (systemic) venous system

81
Q

What woud happen if there was an obstruction of portal circulation

A

Anastomoses with caval venous system would still allow blood from gi to reach the heart

82
Q

What does abstructed bloodflow to the portal vein cause

A

portal hypertension

83
Q

What does portal hypertesnion cause

A

veins in portal vaval anastomotic areas to dilate and become varicose

84
Q

What are the3 Major portal-caval anastomoses

A

Esophageal
Rectal
Paraumbilical

85
Q

What makes up the esophageal portal-caval anastomoses

A

esophageal tributaries of left gastric vein with esophageal veins of aszygos

86
Q

What makes up the Rectal portal-caval anastomoses

A

Superior rectal veins with middle and inferior rectal veins

87
Q

What makes up the Paraumbilical portal-caval anastomoses

A

Paraumbilical veins in falciform ligament w/ superficial veins in the anterolateral abdominal wall

88
Q

What makes up the Splenic portal-caval anastomoses

A

tributaries of splenic and colic veins with left renal vein

Anatomy Block 3 (16 decks)

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