Innervation of Thoracic and Abdominal Viscera Flashcards
What supplies The parasympathetic input to the thoracic viscera
Entierly vagus preganglionics
What supplies the sympathetic input to the thoracic viscera
Postganglionic neurons in sympathetic trunk ganglia of upper 5 thoracic verterbra
superior middle and inferior cervical ganglia
What provides innervation to the heart
autonomic innervation given by cardiac plexus
Where are the 2 components of the cardiac plexus located
Superfical: under concavity of arch of aorta
Deep: located anterior to bifurcation of trachea inside fibrous pericardium
What branches provide Parasympathetic GVE to the cardiac plexus (pre or post)
Cervial cardiac from Vagus
Thoracic cardiac from Vagus
Preganglionic
What provides Sympathetic GVE to cardiac plexus (pre or post)
Sympathetic trunk ganglia T1-T5 (Thoracic cardiac branches)
Superior, Middle and inferior cervical ganglia (cervical cardiac branches)
Postganglionics
What provides parasympathetic sensory to the cardiac plexus
Inferior ganglion of vagus
What provides sympathetic sensory to the cardiac plexus
posterior root ganglia of T1-T5
Where do the nerves of the cardiac plexus go to reach destination
Follow vasculature to subsidiary plexuses and effector structures
What results from sypathetic stimulation of the atrial plexus?
Increase heart rate and strength of contraction
What results from parasypathetic stimulation of the Coronary plexus?
Constriction of coronary arteries
What results from parasypathetic stimulation of the atrial plexus?
decreased heart rate and strength of contraction
What results from sypathetic stimulation of the coronary plexus?
DIlation of coronary arteries
Where are the two components of the pulmonary plexus and where are they located
Anterior: anterior aspect of tracheal bifurcation at root of lung
Posterior: Posterior root of lung
Which of the components of the pulmonary plexus is ganglionated
Posterior
What does the posterior portion of the pulmonary plexus connect to
Anterior pulmonary plexus and cardiac plexus
Anterior pulmonary plexus is considered a subsidiary of what
The cardiac plexus
What provides parasympathetic innervation to the pulmonary plexus (pre or Post)
Cardiac plexus and thoracic branches of vagus
as it passes behind bronchi
Preganglionic
What provides sympathetic innervation to the pulmonary plexus (pre or Post)
Sympathetic trunk of T1-T6 and cardiac plexus
Postganglionic
What would sympathetic stimulation of the lungs cause?
Bronchodilation and decreased mucus secretion
What would parasympathetic stimulation of the lungs cause
Bronchoconstriction and increased mucus secretion
Where is the esophageal plexus located
inferior 2/3rds of esophagus
What nerves compose most of the esophageal plexus
Left and right vagus separate into fasicles to form most of the plexus
When do the vagus nerves seperate and reconjoin in the thoracic cavity
sperate into fascicles on lower 2/3rds of esophagus
rejoin near esophageal opening in diaphragm
What is the right vagus called after passing into the abdominal cavity and why
Posterior vagal trunk
Stomach rotation causes it to lie posterior to stomach
What is the left vagus called after passing into the abdominal cavity and why
anterior vagal trunk
Stomach rotation causes it to lie anterior to stomach
What is the parasymathetic innervation to the esophageal plexus (pre or post)
Fasiculation of vagus across inferrior 2/3rds of esophagus
preganglionic
What is the sympathetic innervation to the esophageal plexus (pre or post)
Thoracic ganglia adjacent to esophagus
Postganglionic
(also some contribution from cardiac plexus or branches ascending from abdominal plexuses)
Where is the sensory to the esophageal plexus from
Travels with vagus and sympathetic nerves
What is the result of sympathetic stimulation to the esophageal plexus
decreased peristalsis and secretion (indirectly via vasoconstriction
What is the result of parasympathetic stimulation to the esophageal plexus
increase peristalsis and secretion
Where is sympathetic motor to the abdominal viscera from
Thoracic Splanchnic nerves (greater, Lesser, Least) :preganglionic from T5-T12 intermediolateral cell columns
Lumbar splanchnic neres: Preganglionic L1-L2
Where do preganglionic sympathetic innervation to abdominal viscera usually synapse
In ganglia within Viscera
Where do preganglionic Parasympatetic motor to the abdominal viscera usually synapse
in the ganglia in walls of viscera
Where does sensory to the abdominal viscera come from
Rides with sympathetic and parasympathetic components
What is the largest prevertebral (preaortic) plexus and where is it found
aortic plexus T12-L3 vertebral levels
Is the aortic plexus ganglionated or non ganglionated
ganglionated
How are the associated plexuses of theaortic plexus named
by anatomical association with arterial branches
Which is the largest named ganglia associated with aortic plexus
celiac ganglion
Where is the celiac ganglion located
Adjacent to celiac artery
What provide sympathetic innervation to the celiac ganglion (pre or post)
Greater Splanchnic nerves (T5-T9)
Preganglionic (most synapse there)
What happens to pregangionic sympathetics that enter the celiac gangion
Most synapse there
some continue on to synapse in more lat or inferior ganglion OR in medulla of the suprarenal glands
What provides Parasympathetic to the Celiac ganglion
Posterior vagal trunk
ANTERIOR VAGAL TRUNK BYPASSES GANGLION
Do fibers of the posterior vagal trunk synapse in the celiac gangion
No they pass through
What does the anterior vagal trunk distribute to
passees by celiac gangion to distribute directly into derivatives of foregut instead (liver stomach etc)
What type of fibers synapse in the celiac ganglion
only sympathetic
Where are the aorticorenal plexuses found
adjacent to the renal arteries
What provides sympathetic innervation to the aorticorenal plexus
Lesser Splanchnic nerves (T10-T11)
Least splanchnic nerves (T12)
Preganglionic with most synapsing there but some continuing through
What provides Parasympathetic innervation to the aorticorenal plexus
Continuations of the preganglionic Vagla fibers from celiac plexus (so posterior fibers)
What is and where is the intermesenteric plexus
Named fibers and associated ganglia of the aortic plexus between the inferior and superior mesenteric plexuses
What provides parasympatetics to the intermesenteric plexus (pre or post)
Vagus nerves from the aorticorenal plexus (posterior)
Prreganglionic
What is special about the vagal fibers to the intermesenteric and what do they innervate
It is the distal extent of vagal innervation
supplies large intestine to left colic splenic flexure
What provides sympathetic to the intermesenteric plexus (pre or post)
Upper two lumbar splanchnic (L1-L2)
What is the last named subsidiary plexus of the aortic plexus
inferior mesenteric plexus
What supplies parasympathetic to the inferior mesenteric (pre or post)
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
From Hypogastric plexus and hypogastric nerves
Preganglionic
What provides sympathetic innervation to the inferior mesenteric (pre-Post)
Upper 2 lumbar splanchinc nerves (L1-L2)
from intermesenteric
preganglionic
What provides sympathetic innervation to the supeior hypogastric plexus
Lower 2 lumbar splanchnic (L1-L2)
What provides parasympathetic innervation to the superior hypogastric plexus
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4) (from hypogastricnerves)
What is the general trend of parasympathetic and sympathetic as far as synapsing and travel
Sym: synapse in ganglia in the plexuses the distribute via vessels
Para: do not synapse in plexus but distribute along vessels to synapse on postganglionic nerve cell bodies in walls of organ
Where are the preganglionic portions of the sympathetic innervation to the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses
In the interomediolateral cell column of the upper 5-6 thoracic segments (GVE)
Posterior root gangion of upper 5-6 thoracic segments
Where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers of the pulmonary plexus synapse
in ganglia in the smooth muscle and glands of bronchi
Where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers of the cardiac plexus synapse
in ganglia in the walls of the atria and coronary arteries
Where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers of the esophageal plexus synapse
In smooth muscle walls of the esophagus
