Abdominal Viscera and Peritoneum Flashcards
Where does the the abdominal cavity extend
Thoracic diaphragm to pelvic inlet of bony pelvis
What lines the abdominal cavity and most of the viscera inside
Peritoneum
What is the membrane that lines the abdominal walls
Parietal peritoneum
What membrane layer surrounds the organs
visceral peritoneum
How does the viseral peritoneum attach to the parietal peritoneum
by double layer peritoneum called a mesentery
Where do the nerves and vessels to viscera generally run
Between the two layers of peritoneum composing the mesentery
What 7 organs are included in the abdominal viscera
GI tract LIver Gallbladder Pancreas spleen kidney suprarenal gland
What are intraperitoneal organs
Those viscera covered by visceral peritoneum and suspended from body wall by mesenteries
Where do most mesenteries of organs attach
posterior body wall
What 2 organs mesenteries attach some to the anterior wall
Liver and stomach
What are retroperitoneal organs
organs posterior to the parietal peritoneum and partially covered (one surface) by peritoneum
What seperates the thoracic and abdominal cavity
diaphragm
Where does the diaphram attach
Inner margins of thoracic outlet and superior 3 lumbar vertebrae
What anchors the diaphragm to the anterolateral surfaces of the lumbar vertebrae
Crura
What unites the crura on the vertebrae
Median arcuate ligament
What do the united crura on the lumbar vertebrae form
aortic hiatus
What bridges the anterior surfaces of the psoas major
meidal arcuate (fascial thickening)
What bridges the anterior surfaces of the quadratus lumborum muscles
lateral arcuate ligaments
Where is the stomach located in the abdominal cavity
upper left quadrant
Which border of the stomach is denoted the greater curvature
The long convex border (on the left)
Which border of the stomach is denoted the lesser curvature
The shorter concave border (on the right)
What are the 4 regions of the stomach
Cardia
fundus
body
pyloric region
Where is the cardia portion of the stomach
part immediately surrounding esophageal orifice
Where is the body portion of the stomach
The are in between the fundus and funnel shaped distal end
Where is the fundus portion of the stomach
Dilated superior part related to the left dome of the diaphragm
What are the two portions of the plyoric region of the stomach
antrum pylorus (constricted)
What characterizes the pylorus region of the pyloric region of the stomach
distinct sphincter
What covers the stomach on the outside
peritoneum
Where are the mesenteries attached to the stomach
Greater and lesser curvatures
What is the span of the small intestine (start-end)
Starts at pyloric sphincter
Ends at ileocecal orifice of large intestine
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine (in order from first to last)
Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum
What are the 4 parts of the duodenum (in order from first to last)
superior
descending
horizontal
ascending
What is the shortest part of the small intestine
Duodenum
How long is the duodenum and where does it start and end
Foot long
Start Pylorus
End Duodenojejunal junction
What shape does the duodenum take and around what organ
C shape
around the head of pancreas
What 2 things pass posterior to the superior part of the duodenum
Common bile duct and portal vein
What 2 ducts join to insert in the descending section of the duodenum
Common bile and pancreatic ducts
What passes anteriorly to the horizontal section of the duodenum
Superior mesenteric arteries
What is the shortest part of the duodenum
ascending duodenum
What is the relation of the comon bile duct to the duodenum
passes posterior to superior part of duodenum then joins with pancreatic duct to insert in the descending part of the duodenum
What sections of the duodenum are retroperitoneal
horizontal,
descending,
ascending
What supports the duodenojejunal flexure
Suspensory muscle of duodenum (ligament of treitz)
Where does the suspensory muscle of the duodenum attach
to the diaphragm
Where does the Jejunum section of the small intestine primarily lie
Upper left quadrant of the adomen
What allows the jejunum to be mobile
It is suspended by mesentery
Compare the walls of the jejunum and the ilium
Jejunum is thicker and more vascular than ileum
Where does the ileum section of the small intestine primarily lie
in the lower right quadrant, suspended by a mesentery
Where does the ileum empty
into cecum at ileocecal junction
What 3 surface features distinguish the large intestine from the small intestine
Teniae coli
Haustra
Omental appendices
What are the teniae colie
three bands of longitudinal muscles shorter than the rest of the organ
What are the haustra
Sacculations produced by contracture of the teniae coli
What are tha omental appendicies
deposits of fat attached to the external intestinal wall
What are the 5 parts of the large intestine
Cecum Appendix: Colon: Rectum: Anal Canal:
What is the structure of the cecum and where is it located
blind pouch inferior to the ileocecal junction covered in peritoneum
Located in right lower quadrant
What is the appendix and where does it arrise
Blind diverticulum with limited lumen and a small mesenery
arrises off of cecum a few cm inferior to ileocecal junction
What are the 4 different sections of the colon
Ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid
Where does the ascending colon lie
right side of the posterior abdominal wall inferior to the right lobe of the liver
what is the size relation of the ascending colon to the cecum
ascending colon is notably narrower
What is the transition point between the ascending and transverse colon called
right colic (hepatic) flexure
Which is the most moveable portion of the colon
Transverse
What is the path of the transverse colon as it moves to the left
Descends some at its midpoint but conforms to the greater curvature of the stomach
What is the transition point between the transverse colon and the descending colon
Left Colic (splenic) Flexure
What is the highest point attained by the large intestine
transition between transverse and descending colon Left colic (splenic) Flexure
What is the size relationship between the transverse and descending colon
Descending colon is much narrower
What is the path of the descinding colon
Descends along the left side of the body wall towardds the illiac fossa
What is the shape of the sigmoid colon
s shaped (begins and ends in midline)
Where does the sigmoid colon begin
pelvic brim
Which parts of the colon are intraperitoneal
Transverse and sigmoid colon have mesenteries
Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal
ascending and descending colons
What is the name of the small mesentery of the appendix
mesoappendix
Where is the rectum located/Begin and end
In the pelvic cavity
begining at S3 vertebrae
curves inferiorly
Ending: in front of the tip of the coccyx
How can you denote the location of the rectosigmoidal junction
Termination of teniae coli and omenta appendices
How does the peritoneum cover the rectum
superior third covered anteriorly and laterally by peritoneum
inferor two thirds are subperitoneal
What occupies most of the upper right quadrant of the abdomen
LIver
What quadrants is the liver found in
Upper right and left
what are the two surfaces of the liver and what seperates them
Anterosuperior (diaphragmatic)
Posteroinferior (visceral)
Seperated anteriorly by sharp inferior border
What 5 impressions can be found in the visceral surface of the liver
right colic flexure right suprarenal gland stomach inferior vena cava galbladder
What seperates the liver into functional left and right lobes
Caval and gallbladder fossae
What is the location where vessels and ducts enter and leave the liver and where is it located
Porta hepatis
Middle of visceral surface
How is the liver supplied with blood and drained of bile
Each lobe has its own blood supply and biliary drainage (via duct system)
Where are the posterior and anterior fissures located on the liver
left of the porta hepatis
What is the posterior fissure for
ligamentum venosum (obliterated ductus venosus
What is the anterior fissure for
Ligamentum teres (obliterated umbilical vein)
What is the liver tissue between the gallbladder fossa and the fissure for the ligamentum teres called
Quadrate lobe
What is the liver tissue between the caval fossa and fissure for legamentum venosum called
Caudate lobe
What covers most of the visceral and diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver
Visceral peritoneum
What are the areas of the liver not covered by visceral peritoneum
porta hepatis and a posterior area called bare area
What 4 things do Mesenteries attach the liver to
anterior abdominal wall
diaphragm
stomach
duodenum
where is the gall blader located and what does it do
visceral surface of liver
reservoir for bile
What are the 3 parts of the gall bladder
fundus
body
neck
What i the neck of the gall bladder continuous with
Cystic duct
What does the gallbladder recieve bile through
Cystict duct from the common hepatic duct
What forms the common hepatic duct
Left and right hepatic ducts
Where does the common bile duct drain
Into the descending portion of the duodenum
what binds the gallbladder to the liver
Peritoneum
Where do the cystic and common bile ducts pass through
Mesentery
Where does the pancreas lie in the abdomen
transversely across the posterior abdominal wall,
from the duodenum to the spleen
at the level of the kidneys
Posterior to stomach and other abdominal viscera
What are the 4 components of the pancreas
Head
neck
body
tail
What defines the head of the pancreas
the c shaped curve of the duodenum
insertion of the lower left portion of the pancreas head posterior to the superior messenteric vessels forms what
uncinate process
What sections of the pancreas are retroperitoneal
Head
neck
body
NOT TAIL
That forms when the duct system of the pancreas joins the common bile duct
Dilation called Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Collective duct then penetrates descending duodenum
Where is the spleen located relative to the stomach diaphragm and ribs
left and posterior to upper part of stomach
against diaphram and ribs
What are the two surfaces of the spleen
Diaphragmatic (curved portion)
visceral (triangular outline)
Where do splenic vessels enter and leave the spleen
Hilum on the visceral surface
What lies between layers of mesentery which attach the stomach to the posterior wall
the spleen
Where are the kidneys located
upper portion of posterior abdominal wall on either side of vertebral column
Which kidney is lower than the other
Right kidney generally inferior because of liver
What 3 things is the right kidney related to
duodenum
liver
right colic flexure
What 4 things i the left kidney related to
pancreas
spleen
stomach
descending colon
Are kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
What helps protect kidneys from trauma
Being retroperitoneal? and embedded in fat
What is the progression from collection duct to ureter in kidneys
Collecting ducts Renal Papilla: project into Minor calyces: Coalesce to form Major calyces: join up to form renal pelvis: dialated portion of ureter
What is the dilated proximal portion of the ureter
Renal pelvis
What lies on superiomedially on top of each kidney and what surrounds them
Suprarenal glands
Renal fascia
What is the shape of the right suprarenal gland
triangular
What is the shape of the left suprarenal gland
Semilunar
Are the suprarenal glands retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal
retroperitoneal
What is the difference between th peritoneal cavity in men and women
Women is open, uterine tube provide means of communication between peritoneal cavity and exterior of body
What are two more specific designations for mesntery
Ormentum and ligament
What is an omentum
Peritoneal structure attached to stomach
What is a ligament
more defined area of peritoneum that connects an organ with another or to the abdominal wall
What are the 7 derivateives of the dorsal mesentery
Greater omentum Splenorenal ligmament mesentery of small intestine Mesoappendix transverse mesocolon phrenicocolic ligament sigmoid mesocolon
What are the 3 derivatives of the ventral mesentery
Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament
Coronary ligament
