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Anatomy Block 3 > Abdominal Viscera and Peritoneum > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera and Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the the abdominal cavity extend

A

Thoracic diaphragm to pelvic inlet of bony pelvis

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2
Q

What lines the abdominal cavity and most of the viscera inside

A

Peritoneum

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3
Q

What is the membrane that lines the abdominal walls

A

Parietal peritoneum

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4
Q

What membrane layer surrounds the organs

A

visceral peritoneum

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5
Q

How does the viseral peritoneum attach to the parietal peritoneum

A

by double layer peritoneum called a mesentery

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6
Q

Where do the nerves and vessels to viscera generally run

A

Between the two layers of peritoneum composing the mesentery

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7
Q

What 7 organs are included in the abdominal viscera

A 
GI tract
LIver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
spleen
kidney
suprarenal gland
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8
Q

What are intraperitoneal organs

A

Those viscera covered by visceral peritoneum and suspended from body wall by mesenteries

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9
Q

Where do most mesenteries of organs attach

A

posterior body wall

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10
Q

What 2 organs mesenteries attach some to the anterior wall

A

Liver and stomach

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11
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs

A

organs posterior to the parietal peritoneum and partially covered (one surface) by peritoneum

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12
Q

What seperates the thoracic and abdominal cavity

A

diaphragm

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13
Q

Where does the diaphram attach

A

Inner margins of thoracic outlet and superior 3 lumbar vertebrae

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14
Q

What anchors the diaphragm to the anterolateral surfaces of the lumbar vertebrae

A

Crura

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15
Q

What unites the crura on the vertebrae

A

Median arcuate ligament

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16
Q

What do the united crura on the lumbar vertebrae form

A

aortic hiatus

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17
Q

What bridges the anterior surfaces of the psoas major

A

meidal arcuate (fascial thickening)

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18
Q

What bridges the anterior surfaces of the quadratus lumborum muscles

A

lateral arcuate ligaments

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19
Q

Where is the stomach located in the abdominal cavity

A

upper left quadrant

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20
Q

Which border of the stomach is denoted the greater curvature

A

The long convex border (on the left)

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21
Q

Which border of the stomach is denoted the lesser curvature

A

The shorter concave border (on the right)

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22
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach

A

Cardia
fundus
body
pyloric region

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23
Q

Where is the cardia portion of the stomach

A

part immediately surrounding esophageal orifice

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24
Q

Where is the body portion of the stomach

A

The are in between the fundus and funnel shaped distal end

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25
Q

Where is the fundus portion of the stomach

A

Dilated superior part related to the left dome of the diaphragm

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26
Q

What are the two portions of the plyoric region of the stomach

A 
antrum 
pylorus (constricted)
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27
Q

What characterizes the pylorus region of the pyloric region of the stomach

A

distinct sphincter

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28
Q

What covers the stomach on the outside

A

peritoneum

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29
Q

Where are the mesenteries attached to the stomach

A

Greater and lesser curvatures

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30
Q

What is the span of the small intestine (start-end)

A

Starts at pyloric sphincter

Ends at ileocecal orifice of large intestine

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31
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine (in order from first to last)

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Illeum

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32
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum (in order from first to last)

A

superior
descending
horizontal
ascending

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33
Q

What is the shortest part of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

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34
Q

How long is the duodenum and where does it start and end

A

Foot long
Start Pylorus
End Duodenojejunal junction

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35
Q

What shape does the duodenum take and around what organ

A

C shape

around the head of pancreas

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36
Q

What 2 things pass posterior to the superior part of the duodenum

A

Common bile duct and portal vein

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37
Q

What 2 ducts join to insert in the descending section of the duodenum

A

Common bile and pancreatic ducts

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38
Q

What passes anteriorly to the horizontal section of the duodenum

A

Superior mesenteric arteries

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39
Q

What is the shortest part of the duodenum

A

ascending duodenum

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40
Q

What is the relation of the comon bile duct to the duodenum

A

passes posterior to superior part of duodenum then joins with pancreatic duct to insert in the descending part of the duodenum

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41
Q

What sections of the duodenum are retroperitoneal

A

horizontal,
descending,
ascending

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42
Q

What supports the duodenojejunal flexure

A

Suspensory muscle of duodenum (ligament of treitz)

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43
Q

Where does the suspensory muscle of the duodenum attach

A

to the diaphragm

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44
Q

Where does the Jejunum section of the small intestine primarily lie

A

Upper left quadrant of the adomen

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45
Q

What allows the jejunum to be mobile

A

It is suspended by mesentery

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46
Q

Compare the walls of the jejunum and the ilium

A

Jejunum is thicker and more vascular than ileum

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47
Q

Where does the ileum section of the small intestine primarily lie

A

in the lower right quadrant, suspended by a mesentery

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48
Q

Where does the ileum empty

A

into cecum at ileocecal junction

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49
Q

What 3 surface features distinguish the large intestine from the small intestine

A

Teniae coli
Haustra
Omental appendices

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50
Q

What are the teniae colie

A

three bands of longitudinal muscles shorter than the rest of the organ

51
Q

What are the haustra

A

Sacculations produced by contracture of the teniae coli

52
Q

What are tha omental appendicies

A

deposits of fat attached to the external intestinal wall

53
Q

What are the 5 parts of the large intestine

A 
Cecum
Appendix:
Colon:
Rectum:
Anal Canal:
54
Q

What is the structure of the cecum and where is it located

A

blind pouch inferior to the ileocecal junction covered in peritoneum
Located in right lower quadrant

55
Q

What is the appendix and where does it arrise

A

Blind diverticulum with limited lumen and a small mesenery

arrises off of cecum a few cm inferior to ileocecal junction

56
Q

What are the 4 different sections of the colon

A

Ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid

57
Q

Where does the ascending colon lie

A

right side of the posterior abdominal wall inferior to the right lobe of the liver

58
Q

what is the size relation of the ascending colon to the cecum

A

ascending colon is notably narrower

59
Q

What is the transition point between the ascending and transverse colon called

A

right colic (hepatic) flexure

60
Q

Which is the most moveable portion of the colon

A

Transverse

61
Q

What is the path of the transverse colon as it moves to the left

A

Descends some at its midpoint but conforms to the greater curvature of the stomach

62
Q

What is the transition point between the transverse colon and the descending colon

A

Left Colic (splenic) Flexure

63
Q

What is the highest point attained by the large intestine

A 
transition between transverse and descending colon
Left colic (splenic) Flexure
64
Q

What is the size relationship between the transverse and descending colon

A

Descending colon is much narrower

65
Q

What is the path of the descinding colon

A

Descends along the left side of the body wall towardds the illiac fossa

66
Q

What is the shape of the sigmoid colon

A

s shaped (begins and ends in midline)

67
Q

Where does the sigmoid colon begin

A

pelvic brim

68
Q

Which parts of the colon are intraperitoneal

A

Transverse and sigmoid colon have mesenteries

69
Q

Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal

A

ascending and descending colons

70
Q

What is the name of the small mesentery of the appendix

A

mesoappendix

71
Q

Where is the rectum located/Begin and end

A

In the pelvic cavity
begining at S3 vertebrae
curves inferiorly
Ending: in front of the tip of the coccyx

72
Q

How can you denote the location of the rectosigmoidal junction

A

Termination of teniae coli and omenta appendices

73
Q

How does the peritoneum cover the rectum

A

superior third covered anteriorly and laterally by peritoneum

inferor two thirds are subperitoneal

74
Q

What occupies most of the upper right quadrant of the abdomen

A

LIver

75
Q

What quadrants is the liver found in

A

Upper right and left

76
Q

what are the two surfaces of the liver and what seperates them

A

Anterosuperior (diaphragmatic)
Posteroinferior (visceral)
Seperated anteriorly by sharp inferior border

77
Q

What 5 impressions can be found in the visceral surface of the liver

A 
right colic flexure
right suprarenal gland
stomach
inferior vena cava
galbladder
78
Q

What seperates the liver into functional left and right lobes

A

Caval and gallbladder fossae

79
Q

What is the location where vessels and ducts enter and leave the liver and where is it located

A

Porta hepatis

Middle of visceral surface

80
Q

How is the liver supplied with blood and drained of bile

A

Each lobe has its own blood supply and biliary drainage (via duct system)

81
Q

Where are the posterior and anterior fissures located on the liver

A

left of the porta hepatis

82
Q

What is the posterior fissure for

A

ligamentum venosum (obliterated ductus venosus

83
Q

What is the anterior fissure for

A

Ligamentum teres (obliterated umbilical vein)

84
Q

What is the liver tissue between the gallbladder fossa and the fissure for the ligamentum teres called

A

Quadrate lobe

85
Q

What is the liver tissue between the caval fossa and fissure for legamentum venosum called

A

Caudate lobe

86
Q

What covers most of the visceral and diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver

A

Visceral peritoneum

87
Q

What are the areas of the liver not covered by visceral peritoneum

A

porta hepatis and a posterior area called bare area

88
Q

What 4 things do Mesenteries attach the liver to

A

anterior abdominal wall
diaphragm
stomach
duodenum

89
Q

where is the gall blader located and what does it do

A

visceral surface of liver

reservoir for bile

90
Q

What are the 3 parts of the gall bladder

A

fundus
body
neck

91
Q

What i the neck of the gall bladder continuous with

A

Cystic duct

92
Q

What does the gallbladder recieve bile through

A

Cystict duct from the common hepatic duct

93
Q

What forms the common hepatic duct

A

Left and right hepatic ducts

94
Q

Where does the common bile duct drain

A

Into the descending portion of the duodenum

95
Q

what binds the gallbladder to the liver

A

Peritoneum

96
Q

Where do the cystic and common bile ducts pass through

A

Mesentery

97
Q

Where does the pancreas lie in the abdomen

A

transversely across the posterior abdominal wall,
from the duodenum to the spleen
at the level of the kidneys
Posterior to stomach and other abdominal viscera

98
Q

What are the 4 components of the pancreas

A

Head
neck
body
tail

99
Q

What defines the head of the pancreas

A

the c shaped curve of the duodenum

100
Q

insertion of the lower left portion of the pancreas head posterior to the superior messenteric vessels forms what

A

uncinate process

101
Q

What sections of the pancreas are retroperitoneal

A

Head
neck
body

NOT TAIL

102
Q

That forms when the duct system of the pancreas joins the common bile duct

A

Dilation called Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Collective duct then penetrates descending duodenum

103
Q

Where is the spleen located relative to the stomach diaphragm and ribs

A

left and posterior to upper part of stomach

against diaphram and ribs

104
Q

What are the two surfaces of the spleen

A

Diaphragmatic (curved portion)

visceral (triangular outline)

105
Q

Where do splenic vessels enter and leave the spleen

A

Hilum on the visceral surface

106
Q

What lies between layers of mesentery which attach the stomach to the posterior wall

A

the spleen

107
Q

Where are the kidneys located

A

upper portion of posterior abdominal wall on either side of vertebral column

108
Q

Which kidney is lower than the other

A

Right kidney generally inferior because of liver

109
Q

What 3 things is the right kidney related to

A

duodenum
liver
right colic flexure

110
Q

What 4 things i the left kidney related to

A

pancreas
spleen
stomach
descending colon

111
Q

Are kidneys retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal

A

Retroperitoneal

112
Q

What helps protect kidneys from trauma

A

Being retroperitoneal? and embedded in fat

113
Q

What is the progression from collection duct to ureter in kidneys

A 
Collecting ducts
Renal Papilla: project into
Minor calyces: Coalesce to form
Major calyces: join up to form
renal pelvis: dialated portion of ureter
114
Q

What is the dilated proximal portion of the ureter

A

Renal pelvis

115
Q

What lies on superiomedially on top of each kidney and what surrounds them

A

Suprarenal glands

Renal fascia

116
Q

What is the shape of the right suprarenal gland

A

triangular

117
Q

What is the shape of the left suprarenal gland

A

Semilunar

118
Q

Are the suprarenal glands retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal

A

retroperitoneal

119
Q

What is the difference between th peritoneal cavity in men and women

A

Women is open, uterine tube provide means of communication between peritoneal cavity and exterior of body

120
Q

What are two more specific designations for mesntery

A

Ormentum and ligament

121
Q

What is an omentum

A

Peritoneal structure attached to stomach

122
Q

What is a ligament

A

more defined area of peritoneum that connects an organ with another or to the abdominal wall

123
Q

What are the 7 derivateives of the dorsal mesentery

A 
Greater omentum
Splenorenal ligmament
mesentery of small intestine
Mesoappendix
transverse mesocolon
phrenicocolic ligament
sigmoid mesocolon
124
Q

What are the 3 derivatives of the ventral mesentery

A

Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament
Coronary ligament

Anatomy Block 3 (16 decks)

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