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Anatomy 4 > Vasculature > Flashcards

Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q 
Posterior circulation
(what arteries, how do they travel, where do they enter cranial cavity)
A
  • vertebral arteries arise from subclavian arteries
  • ascend through transverse foramina of cervical vertebra
  • enter cranial cavity via foramen magnum
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2
Q 
Anterior circulation
(what arteries, how do they travel, where do they enter cranial cavity)
A
  • internal carotid arteries are terminal branch of common carotid arteries
  • ascend through neck to base of skull
  • enter cranial cavity via carotid canal
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3
Q

What do the vertebral arteries supply blood to?

A

spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, occipital lobe, and portions of the temporal lobe and diencephalon

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4
Q

Where do vertebral arteries fuse/what is this new artery called?

A

fuse at pontomedullary junction to form basilar artery

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5
Q

Anterior/posterior spinal arteries

arise from, how many, location/blood supply

A

arise from vertebral arteries
1 anterior, 2 posterior
Anterior: travels midline spinal cord, supplies blood to anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
Posterior: travel posterior to dorsal horn (bilaterally), supply blood to posterior 1/3 of spinal cord.

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6
Q

What reinforce the anterior/posterior spinal arteries? Where do they come from?

A
  • radicular arteries reinforce

- branches of posterior intercostal arteries

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7
Q

Great radicular artery

A
  • at T12

- provides entire arterial supply for lumbosacral spinal cord

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8
Q

List flow of blood caudal to rostral from vertebral artery (7)

A
  • vertebral artery
  • posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) branches off
  • fuse to form basilar artery
  • anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) branches off of caudal basilar artery
  • Internal auditory/labyrinthine artery branches off of basilar artery or AICA
  • many pontine arteries branch off
  • superior cerebellar artery branches off of rostral basilar artery
  • basilar artery bifurcates to form two posterior cerebral arteries
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9
Q

Internal auditory/labyrinthine artery

A

supplies inner ear

occlusion can lead to vertigo and ipsilateral deafness

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10
Q

blood supply of caudal medulla

A

-branches of anterior spinal artery, vertebral artery, PICA and posterior spinal artery

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11
Q

blood supply of rostral medulla

A

branches of anterior spinal artery, vertebral artery, PICA

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12
Q

blood supply to pons

A
  • mainly by branches of basilar artery
  • caudal pons also by anterior AICA (dorsal lateral pons)
  • rostal pons also by superior cerebellar artery (dorsal lateral pons)
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13
Q

blood supply to midbrain

A
  • mainly by posterior cerebral arteries

- dorsal midbrain also by superior cerebellar artery

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14
Q

blood supply to cerebrum

A
  • posterior cerebral artery supplies occipital lobe and medial/inferior surface of temporal lobe
  • middle cerebral artery supplies most of homunculus, internal capsule, deep grey matter (BG)
  • anterior cerebral artery supplies frontal lobe (only leg of honumculus), also caudate and putamen
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15
Q

Lesion to posterior spinal cord blood supply will cause

A

vibration and position sense loss in neck and below

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16
Q

lesion to anterior spinal cord blood supply will cause

A

pain, temperature, motor sense loss in neck and below

17
Q

Wallenberg’s syndrome

A
  • lateral medullary syndrome
  • caused by ischemia of verebral artery and/or PICA
  • affects ipsilateral: inferior cerebellar peduncle, vestibular nuclei trigeminal nucleus, descending sympathetic fibers, nucleus solitarius
  • affects contralateral: spinothalamic tract
  • other: nucleus ambiguus
18
Q

Locked in syndrome

A
  • bilateral ventral pons ischemia (secondary to insufficent blood supply through basilar artery)
  • only capable of eye movements
  • consciousness is spared
19
Q

Components of Circle of Willis (5)

A
  • anterior communicating artery
  • anterior cerebral arteries (from internal carotid)
  • internal carotid arteries
  • posterior communicating arteries (from internal carotid)
  • posterior cerebral arteries
20
Q

lenticulostriate arteries

A

small lateral branches of middle cerebral arteries which supply blood to internal capsule, deep gray matter

21
Q

Menignes organization

A
  • dura (outside)
  • arachnoid (middle)
  • pia (internal)
22
Q

layers of dura mater

A
  • external periosteal layer: adheres to internal surface of skull, formed by periosteum
  • internal meningeal layer: dense fiberous CT
23
Q

Two largest dural reflections:

A
  • Falx cerebri: largest, invaginates along longitudinal fissure between two cerebral hemispheres
  • Tentorium cerebelli; tent over cerebellum (between cerebellum and occiptial/temporal lobes
24
Q

Flow of blood from capillaries:

A

cerebral arteries -> capillaries -> cerebral veins -> venous sinuses -> internal jugular vein

25
Q

Epidural space

A

-potential space between skull and outer layer of dura

26
Q

epidural hemorrhage/hematoma

A
  • from trauma/skull fracture
  • tearing of meningeal artery
  • bleeding into epidural space with no space to expand
27
Q

middle meningeal artery and vein

A

enclosed by periosteal dura

28
Q

Subdural space

A

-potential space between dura and arachnoid mater

29
Q

subdural hemhorrhage/hematoma

A
  • from rapid acceleration/deceleration

- pulls brain away from skull, tears cerebral veins as they enter dural sinus

30
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

-true space between arachnoid and pia mater

31
Q

Subarachniod hemhorrhage/hematoma

A
  • typically arterial hemhorrhage
  • leads to blood in CSF
  • secondary to aneurysm or trauma
32
Q

Communication between ventricles

A

(Two) lateral ventricles communicate via
Interventricular foramen/foramen of Monroe to
(one) 3rd ventricle which communicates via
Cerebral aqueduct/Aqueduct of Sylvius to
(one) 4th Ventricle

33
Q

Flow of CSF

A
  • made in choroid plexus
  • leaves ventricles by exiting 4th ventricle
  • via Foramen of Magendie or pair of Foramen of Luschka
  • to subarachnoid space
  • to dural venous sinuses via arachnoid granulations

Anatomy 4 (8 decks)

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