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Anatomy 4 > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Damage to cerebellum causes/does not cause:

general

A
  • NO paralysis

- DOES change rate, range, direction, accuracy of motor movements

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2
Q

3 anatomical lobes of cerebellum

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • floculonodular lobe (smallest)
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3
Q

3 anatomical/functional zones of cerebellum

A
  • vermis (single midline connecting region)
  • paravermis (zones on either side of vermis)
  • lateral hemisphere (zones outside of paravermis, makes bulk of cerebellum)
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4
Q

3 layers of cerebellar cortex and what is deep to it

names/location only

A
  • molecular (superficial)
  • purkinje (middle)
  • granular (deep)

White matter core

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5
Q

Cerebellar folia

A

-folds of cerebellum (caused by highly convoluted surface)

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6
Q

Molecular layer of cerebellar cortex

A

contains local circuit neurons and abundant axons and dendrites.
lots of communication

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7
Q

Purkinje layer of cerebellar cortex

A

single layer of large neurons (Purkinje cells/PC)

only layer with axons terminating outside cerebellar cortex (in white matter)

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8
Q

Granular layer of cerebellar cortex

A

composed mainly of small granule cells, with other cell types

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9
Q

Name 4 deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN)

A
  • Fastigial nucleus
  • globose nucleus
  • emboliform nucleus
  • dentate nucleus
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10
Q

Fastigial nucleus

A

A deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN)

  • most medial
  • receives projections from vermis
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11
Q

Globose nucleus

A

A deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN)

  • lateral to fastigial nucleus
  • receives projections from paravermis
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12
Q

Emboliform nucleus

A

A deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN)

  • lateral to globose nucleus
  • receives projections from paravermis
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13
Q

Dentate nucleus

A

A deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN)

  • most lateral
  • receives projections from lateral hemisphere
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14
Q

Fractured somatotropy

A
  • in cerebellar cortex, body parts represented discontinuously
  • trunk is represented in vermis
  • extremities represented more laterally in paravermis
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15
Q

Locations that cerebellum connects to brain stem (3)

A

Note: all pairs

  • inferior cerebellar peduncle
  • middle cerebellar peduncle
  • superior cerebellar peduncle
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16
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle

A

mainly afferents to cerebellum from spinal cord and medulla

17
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle

A
  • mainly afferents to cerebellum from pontine nuclei (info from virtually all cortical areas to lateral hemisphere)
  • largest
18
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle

A

-mainly EFFERENTS from cerebellum

19
Q

Vestibulocerebellar system

functions/pathways

A

Via inferior cerebellar peduncle
-for maintaining balance/posture/etc; coordination of eye/head movements

  • primary and secondary (from vestibular nucleus) vestibular afferents to FN node
  • secondary (from vestibular nucleus) vestibular afferents to vermis
  • Purkinje from FN node to vestibular nucleus
  • Purkinje from vermis to fastigial nucleus (relay to vestibular nucleus)

-corrections while task is performed

20
Q

Posterior spinocerebellar tract

function

A

carries proprioceptive info from trunk and LE (T1 and below)

-corrections while task is performed

21
Q

Cuneocerebellar tract

function

A

carries proprioceptive info from neck and UE (above T1)

-corrections while task is performed

22
Q

anterior spinocerebellar tract

function

A

carries proprioceptive info and cutaneous info from receptors with large receptive fields from LE
-corrections while task is performed

23
Q

trigeminocerebellar tract

function

A
  • carries proprioceptive info from oral cavity

- corrections while task is performed

24
Q

Posterior spinocerebellar tract

pathway

A
  • proprioceptive afferents from L2 and down travel in dorsal column (fasiculus gracilis)
  • at L2-T12 level synapse in Clarke’s column
  • travel to vermis/paravermis via inferior cerebellar peduncle
25
Q

Cuneocerebellar tract

pathway

A
  • proprioceptive afferents from C1-C8 travel up through dorsal column (fasciculus cuneatus)
  • synapse at lateral/external/accessory cuneate nucleus in caudal medulla
  • travel to vermis/paravermis via inferior cerebellar peduncle
26
Q

anterior spinocerebellar tract

pathway

A
  • proprioceptive afferents from trunk and LE synapse on spinal border cells
  • decussate via anterior white commissure
  • travel to vermis/paravermis via superior cerebellar peduncle
  • decussates again to cerebellar cortex
27
Q

trigeminocerebellar tract

pathway

A
  • proprioceptive info carried along CN V through mesencephalic nucleus (but doesn’t synapse here)
  • primary afferent synapse in spinal trigeminal nucleus
  • secondary axons project to cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle
  • cerebellum then projects to trigeminal motor nucleus
28
Q

Dysmetria

A

overshooting a target

29
Q

Cerebrocerebellar system

functions

A
  • corrections for next time task is formed

- planning, initiaion, timing and control of motor movements

30
Q

Cerebrocerebellar system

pathway

A
  • input from somatosensory/auditory/visual cortices
  • pontine nuclei
  • middle cerebellar peduncle to dentate nucleus or lateral hemisphere (then purkinje to dentate nucleus)
  • superior cerebellar peduncle to red nucleus or VA/VL (then to motor cortex)
  • corticospinal or rubrospinal to skeletal muscle output
  • from red nucleus also to inferior olive to inferior cerebellar peduncle (climbing fibers) to dentate nucleus or lateral hemisphere for corrections

Anatomy 4 (8 decks)

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