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Abdomenopelvic > Vasculature > Flashcards

Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

The aorta should never exceed ________.

A

3 cm

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2
Q

As the aorta travels inferiorly, the diameter will ______.

A

Decrease

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3
Q

Describe the sonographic appearance of the aorta.

A

Anechoic, pulsatile, highly echogenic walls

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4
Q

The aorta is located midline to the _______.

A

left

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5
Q

Name the 3 branches of the aortic arch.

A

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

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6
Q

True or false: A sagittal plane divides the body into equal left and right sides.

A

False; unequal

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7
Q

The outermost arterial layer is called?

A

Tunica adventitia

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8
Q

Which arterial layer contains the baso vasorum?

A

Tunica adventitia

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9
Q

The middle arterial layer is called?

A

Tunica media

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10
Q

The tunica media is also called?

A

The elastin layer

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11
Q

The inner most arterial layer is called?

A

Tunica intima

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12
Q

In what arterial layer do diseases most often occur?

A

Tunica intima

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13
Q

What is the first branch off the aorta?

A

Celiac axis

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14
Q

What are the right and left branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left: left gastric artery and splenic artery
Right: common hepatic artery

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15
Q

What branches of the celiac trunk can be seen sonographically?

A

Splenic artery and common hepatic artery

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16
Q

True or false: The left gastric artery can be seen sonographically.

A

False

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17
Q

In the sagittal plane, the aorta appears ______.

A

Tubular

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18
Q

In the transverse plane, the aorta appears _______.

A

Circular

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19
Q

Name the branches of the CHA.

A

Proper hepatic artery, gastrodudenal artery,
And right gastric artery

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20
Q

Name the branches of the proper hepatic artery.

A

Left hepatic artery, middle hepatic artery, right hepatic artery, and cystic artery

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21
Q

The seagull sign is seen in the _______ aorta in the _____ plane and consists of the ________ arteries.

A

proximal; transverse; CHA and splenic

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22
Q

What is the second branch of the aorta?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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23
Q

The SMA feeds the _____.

A

Small intestines

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24
Q

The SMA is the only artery with both _______.

A

High and low resistance flow

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25
Q

When a patient is preprandial, the SMA exhibits ________ flow.

A

High-resistance

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26
Q

When a patient is postprandial, the SMA exhibits ________ flow.

A

Low-resistance

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27
Q

What type of blood flow do vital organs hare?

A

Low resistance

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28
Q

The SMA runs _______ and ________ to the aorta.

A

Parallel; anterior

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29
Q

The renal arteries are _______ to the SMA.

A

Inferior

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30
Q

What is the only vessel posterior to the IVC?

A

Right renal artery

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31
Q

Which renal artery is more susceptible to disease? Why?

A

Right; longer

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32
Q

Which renal artery is shorter? Why?

A

Left; the aorta lies medial to the left

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33
Q

The iliac arteries are also known as?

A

Hypogastric arteries

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34
Q

The iliac arteries should never exceed ______.

A

1 cm

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35
Q

The gonadal arteries course ________.

A

Anteriolaterally

36
Q

True or false: the gonadal arteries are superior to the inferior mesenteric artery.

A

True

37
Q

True or false: the gonadal arteries are superior to renal arteries

A

False

38
Q

Which vessel courses posterior to the SMA and anterior to the aorta?

A

Left renal vein

39
Q

What is a true aneurysm?

A

All three layers are damaged

40
Q

What is a pseudoaneurysm?

A

False aneurysm where not all three layers are affected

41
Q

What is the most common cause of an aneurysm?

A

Atheriosclerosis

42
Q

Which type of aneurysm is most common?

A

Fusiform

43
Q

Describe a saccular aneurysm.

A

Only one wall is affected

44
Q

Describe a fusiform aneurysm.

A

Both walls are affected

45
Q

Describe a berry aneurysm.

A

Affects the brain

46
Q

Describe a mycotic aneurysm.

A

Bacteria invades all three layers

47
Q

What is the most common location for an aortic aneurysm? Why?

A

Distal aorta because of the bifurcation of the iliac arteries

48
Q

What is the deadliest aneurysm? Why?

A

Dissecting aneurysm; tunica intima dissects into lumen

49
Q

How does clotted blood appear sonographically?

A

Echogenic

50
Q

The IVC is located midline to the _______.

A

Right

51
Q

The IVC should not exceed _____.

A

4 cm

52
Q

Blood from the IVC flows ______ to ________.

A

Inferior; superior

53
Q

The bunny sign of the IVC is located _______ and consists of the ________ and ________.

A

distally; middle hepatic vein; left hepatic vein

54
Q

The hepatic veins branch from the ______ portion of the IVC.

A

Distal

55
Q

Describe the sonographic appearance of the portal veins.

A

Thick and echogenic walls

56
Q

Which vessel does the right gonadal vein drain into?

A

IVC

57
Q

Which vessel does the left gonadal vein drain into?

A

Left renal vein

58
Q

True or false: the left renal vein is longer than the right renal vein

A

True

59
Q

In order to decrease aliasing, _________ the PRF.

A

Increase

60
Q

Why do the the walls of the portal veins appear echogenic?

A

High collagen content

61
Q

Hepatofugal flow is blood flow ________ from the transducer.

A

Away

62
Q

Hepatopetal flow is blood flow ________ from the transducer.

A

Towards

63
Q

On which side of the IVC do vessels most dilate?

A

Left

64
Q

The main portal vein is also called

A

Portal Splenic Confluence

65
Q

The MPV is made up of?

A

The superior mesenteric vein, the inferior mesenteric vein, and the splenic vein

66
Q

The MPV should not exceed _____.

A

13 mm or 1.3 cm

67
Q

The MPV enters the ______ at the _____.

A

liver; hilum

68
Q

What are the two main branches of the MPV?

A

right portal vein and left portal vein

69
Q

What are the branches of the left portal vein?

A

lateral left portal vein and medial left portal vein

70
Q

What are the branches of the right portal vein?

A

anterior right portal vein and posterior right portal vein

71
Q

The superior and inferior mesenteric veins drain?

A

the intestines

72
Q

The portal vein has a waveform _____ the baseline

A

above

73
Q

The normal main portal vein exhibits _______ flow.

A

hepatopetal

74
Q

True or False: the CBD will light up with color doppler

A

False; avascular

75
Q

True or False: the CBD will light up with color doppler

A

False; avascular

76
Q

The MPV is _______ to the IVC

A

anterior

77
Q

The CBD is _______ to the IVC

A

anterior

78
Q

The CBD is ________ to the MPV

A

anterior

79
Q

The MPV is ________ to the CBD.

A

posterior

80
Q

What makes up the portal triad?

A

The CHA, CBD, and MPV

81
Q

The sample gate should be as _____ as possible

A

small

82
Q

Extremities have what type of blood flow?

A

High Resistance

83
Q

What is a TIPS?

A

transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt

84
Q

What does a TIPS do?

A

fixes reversed blood flow

85
Q

Why does the renal vein waveform appear disrupted?

A

close proximity to the heart

Abdomenopelvic (4 decks)

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