Vasculature Flashcards
The aorta should never exceed ________.
3 cm
As the aorta travels inferiorly, the diameter will ______.
Decrease
Describe the sonographic appearance of the aorta.
Anechoic, pulsatile, highly echogenic walls
The aorta is located midline to the _______.
left
Name the 3 branches of the aortic arch.
Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery
True or false: A sagittal plane divides the body into equal left and right sides.
False; unequal
The outermost arterial layer is called?
Tunica adventitia
Which arterial layer contains the vasa vasorum?
Tunica adventitia
The middle arterial layer is called?
Tunica media
The tunica media is also called?
The elastin layer
The inner most arterial layer is called?
Tunica intima
In what arterial layer do diseases most often occur?
Tunica intima
What is the first branch off the aorta?
Celiac axis
What are the right and left branches of the celiac trunk?
Left: left gastric artery and splenic artery
Right: common hepatic artery
What branches of the celiac trunk can be seen sonographically?
Splenic artery and common hepatic artery
True or false: The left gastric artery can be seen sonographically.
False
In the sagittal plane, the aorta appears ______.
Tubular
In the transverse plane, the aorta appears _______.
Circular
Name the branches of the CHA.
Proper hepatic artery, gastrodudenal artery,
And right gastric artery
Name the branches of the proper hepatic artery.
Left hepatic artery, middle hepatic artery, right hepatic artery, and cystic artery
The seagull sign is seen in the _______ aorta in the _____ plane and consists of the ________ arteries.
proximal; transverse; CHA and splenic
What is the second branch of the aorta?
Superior mesenteric artery
The SMA feeds the _____.
Small intestines
The SMA is the only artery with both _______.
High and low resistance flow
When a patient is preprandial, the SMA exhibits ________ flow.
High-resistance
When a patient is postprandial, the SMA exhibits ________ flow.
Low-resistance
What type of blood flow do vital organs have?
Low resistance
The SMA runs _______ and ________ to the aorta.
Parallel; anterior
The renal arteries are _______ to the SMA.
Inferior
What is the only vessel posterior to the IVC?
Right renal artery
Which renal artery is more susceptible to disease? Why?
Right; longer
Which renal artery is shorter? Why?
Left; the aorta lies medial to the left
The iliac arteries are also known as?
Hypogastric arteries
The iliac arteries should never exceed ______.
1 cm
The gonadal arteries course ________.
Anteriolaterally
True or false: the gonadal arteries are superior to the inferior mesenteric artery.
True
True or false: the gonadal arteries are superior to renal arteries
False
Which vessel courses posterior to the SMA and anterior to the aorta?
Left renal vein
What is a true aneurysm?
All three layers are damaged
What is a pseudoaneurysm?
False aneurysm where not all three layers are affected
What is the most common cause of an aneurysm?
Atheriosclerosis
Which type of aneurysm is most common?
Fusiform
Describe a saccular aneurysm.
Only one wall is affected
Describe a fusiform aneurysm.
Both walls are affected
Describe a berry aneurysm.
Affects the brain
Describe a mycotic aneurysm.
Bacteria invades all three layers
What is the most common location for an aortic aneurysm? Why?
Distal aorta because of the bifurcation of the iliac arteries
What is the deadliest aneurysm? Why?
Dissecting aneurysm; tunica intima dissects into lumen
How does clotted blood appear sonographically?
Echogenic
The IVC is located midline to the _______.
Right
The IVC should not exceed _____.
4 cm
Blood from the IVC flows ______ to ________.
Inferior; superior
The bunny sign of the IVC is located _______ and consists of the ________ and ________.
distally; middle hepatic vein; left hepatic vein
The hepatic veins branch from the ______ portion of the IVC.
Distal
Describe the sonographic appearance of the portal veins.
Thick and echogenic walls
Which vessel does the right gonadal vein drain into?
IVC
Which vessel does the left gonadal vein drain into?
Left renal vein
True or false: the left renal vein is longer than the right renal vein
True
In order to decrease aliasing, _________ the PRF.
Increase
Why do the the walls of the portal veins appear echogenic?
High collagen content
Hepatofugal flow is blood flow ________ from the transducer.
Away
Hepatopetal flow is blood flow ________ the transducer.
Towards
On which side of the IVC do vessels most dilate?
Left
The main portal vein is also called
Portal Splenic Confluence
The MPV is made up of?
The superior mesenteric vein, the inferior mesenteric vein, and the splenic vein
The MPV should not exceed _____.
13 mm or 1.3 cm
The MPV enters the ______ at the _____.
liver; hilum
What are the two main branches of the MPV?
right portal vein and left portal vein
What are the branches of the left portal vein?
lateral left portal vein and medial left portal vein
What are the branches of the right portal vein?
anterior right portal vein and posterior right portal vein
The superior and inferior mesenteric veins drain?
the intestines
The portal vein has a waveform _____ the baseline
above
The normal main portal vein exhibits _______ flow.
hepatopetal
True or False: the CBD will light up with color doppler
False; avascular
True or False: the CBD will light up with color doppler
False; avascular
The MPV is _______ to the IVC
anterior
The CBD is _______ to the IVC
anterior
The CBD is ________ to the MPV
anterior
The MPV is ________ to the CBD.
posterior
What makes up the portal triad?
The CHA, CBD, and MPV
The sample gate should be as _____ as possible
small
Extremities have what type of blood flow?
High Resistance
What is a TIPS?
transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt
What does a TIPS do?
fixes reversed blood flow
Why does the hepatic vein waveform appear disrupted?
close proximity to the heart
