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Abdomenopelvic > Gallbladder Normal + Path > Flashcards

Gallbladder Normal + Path Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A

posteroinferior portion of the right lobe of liver

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2
Q

Describe the biliary tree

A

right and left hepatic ducts —> common hepatic duct —> joins with cystic duct to form CBD —> joins main pancreatic duct to form Ampulla of Vater (hepatopancreatic duct) at 2nd part of duodenum —> sphincter of Oddi

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3
Q

What is the function of cholecystokenin?

A

contracts the gallbladder and relaxed the sphincter of Oddi

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4
Q

The CBD should not exceed? When can it exceed this number?

A

7 mm; cholecystectomy or old age (older than 70)

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5
Q

What are the Valves of Heister? Where are they located?

A

prevent the cystic duct and gallbladder neck from overdistending or kinking; gallbladder neck and cystic duct

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6
Q

The gallbladder should not exceed what length?

A

8-12 cm

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7
Q

The thickness of the gallbladder wall should not exceed?

A

3 mm

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8
Q

The upper CHD should not exceed?

A

4 mm

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9
Q

The gallbladder wall should be measured in what plane?

A

transverse

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10
Q

Describe a floating gallbladder

A

low gallbladder position in the abdomen

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11
Q

True or False: A duplicated gallbladder can be without or with duplication of the cystic duct

A

True

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12
Q

What is a junctional fold?

A

fold seen at the body and neck of the gallbladder

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13
Q

What is it called when the gallbladder neck folds back on itself causing an outpouching?

A

Hartmann’s Pouch or Infundibulum

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14
Q

What is the most common variation of the gallbladder?

A

Phrygian Cap

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15
Q

Describe the Phrygian Cap

A

Gallbladder fundus is folded into itself

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16
Q

What is cholelithiasis? What is another name for it?

A

calcified mixture of cholesterol, bilirubin, and calcium; gallstones

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17
Q

Describe the sonographic appearance of cholelithiasis

A

mobile, echogenic foci with posterior shadowing

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18
Q

Cholelithiasis has elevated?

A

Elevated ALP/bilirubin

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19
Q

What is the WES sign? When is it present?

A

Wall, Echogenicity, Shadow; When gallbladder is compacted with gallstones (chronic cholecystitis)

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20
Q

True or False: With a WES sign, only the anterior lumen is seen

A

True

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21
Q

The Valves of Heister can cause what artifact?

22
Q

Describe choledocholithiasis

A

stones in the bile duct; common biliary tract pathology

23
Q

What is sludge?

A

Bile coagulates; can lead to gallstones

24
Q

What can cause sludge?

A

Prolonged fasting

25
Q

How does sludge appear sonographically?

A

Low level echoes

26
Q

How much bile is made by the liver per day?

27
Q

How is bilirubin made?

A

Liver breaks down hemoglobin of RBC and produces yellow pigment (bilirubin)

28
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores and concentrates bile

29
Q

How does the gallbladder make bile more concentrated?

A

takes water and electrolytes and reabsorbs them

30
Q

What is the most common inflammatory disease of the gallbladder?

A

Acute cholecystitis

31
Q

Describe acute cholecystitis

A

Large gallbladder, possible cholelithiasis

32
Q

Describe chronic cholecystitis

A

Small gallbladder, wall thickening, WES sign, cholelithiasis common

33
Q

True or False: Chronic cholecystitis is associated with positive Murphy’s sign

A

False; Acute

34
Q

Dilated intrahepatic ducts are also called?

35
Q

Describe a cholesterol polyp

A

fixed; no shadow

36
Q

Describe adenomyomatosis

A

benign and echogenic with shadowing in striped pattern

37
Q

What is pneumobilia?

A

gas/air in biliary tree

38
Q

What is pneumobilia usually caused by?

A

surgery or infection

39
Q

With chronic cholecystitis, what is elevated?

A

ALP, AST, ALT and bilirubin if there is jaundice

40
Q

With acute cholecystitis, what is elevated?

41
Q

What combines to form the ampulla of vater?

A

CBD and main pancreatic duct

42
Q

The main pancreatic duct is also called?

A

duct of wirsung

43
Q

Describe the sphincter of oddi

A

surrounds ampulla of vater and controls release of bile

44
Q

The CBD travels ______ to the first part of the duodenum

45
Q

The ampulla of vater is also called?

A

hepatopancreatic duct

46
Q

If the patient has had a cholecystectomy, what can be used to find the gallbladder fossa?

A

Main lobar fissure; Rex cantline

47
Q

True or False: Radicals light up with color doppler

A

False; ducts do not light up

48
Q

After bile passes through the CBD, it enters the ____ part of the duodenum

49
Q

The CBD runs _____ to the 1st part of the duodenum

50
Q

The CBD runs _____ to the 1st part of the duodenum

51
Q

Radicals are associated with the elevation of what LFT?

A

alkaline phosphatase

Abdomenopelvic (7 decks)

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