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Abdomenopelvic > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

The kidneys are located ______ and _________.

A

posterior; retroperitoneal

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2
Q

The right kidney is 1 inch _____ than the left

A

lower

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3
Q

The left kidney is slightly more ______ and ______.

A

narrow; longer

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4
Q

What are the typical measurements of the kidney?

A

L: 9-12 cm, W: 4-6 cm, AP: 2.5-4 cm

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5
Q

The adrenal glands are in the _____ portion of the kideny

A

superior

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6
Q

True or False: Adult adrenal glands can be seen sonographically

A

False

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7
Q

The kidney appears how sonographically?

A

heterogenous

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8
Q

The renal cortex appears how sonographically?

A

homogenous; low to medium level echoes

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9
Q

What are the functions of the kidney?

A

removal of waste, regulate fluids and blood pressure, process blood

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10
Q

How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?

A

produce renin

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11
Q

_____ percent of blood pumped from the heart goes through the kidneys

A

25%

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12
Q

Fluid not reabsorbed into tubular network is expelled as?

A

urine

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13
Q

The kidneys filter and clean blood of what?

A

toxic waste, excessive water and salt

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14
Q

What is the endocrine function of the kidneys?

A

vitamin D

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15
Q

Describe the flow of blood from the renal artery to the interlobular arteries

A

renal artery –> segmental –> interlobar –> arcuate –> interlobular

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16
Q

The renal cortex contains?

A

renal corpuscle, nephrons, convulated tubules

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17
Q

The renal medulla is also called?

A

pyramids

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18
Q

How can you tell the different between renal pyramids and a cyst?

A

pyramids are equally spaced

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19
Q

The renal medulla contains?

A

loop of henle

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20
Q

What are the renal pyramids separated by?

A

columns of bertin

21
Q

The kidney contains how many renal pyramids?

A

8-18

22
Q

The kidney contains how many minor calyces?

A

7-13

23
Q

The kidney contains how many major calyces?

A

2-3

24
Q

Bowman’s Capsule is located where?

A

renal cortex

25
Q

What occurs inside Bowman’s Capsule?

A

filtration

26
Q

Describe the flow of blood from the interlobular arteries to the efferent arterioles

A

interlobular –> afferent arterioles –> glomerulus –> 1% to waste (urine) and 99% to efferent arterioles (blood)

27
Q

Where are the afferent and efferent arterioles located?

A

renal cortex

28
Q

Describe the flow of urine through the convulated tubules to the renal pelvis

A

glomerulus –> proximal convulated tubule –> loop of henle –> distal convulated tubules –> collecting duct –> minor calyces –> major calyces and pelvis

29
Q

The right adrenal gland is _____ and ______ to the right kidney

A

anterior; superior

30
Q

The right lobe of the liver is located _______ and _______ to the right kidney

A

anterior; lateral

31
Q

The second part of the duodenum is located _____ and ______ to the right kidney

A

anterior; medial

32
Q

The hepatic flexure of the colon is located _____ and ______ to the right kidney

A

anterior; inferior

33
Q

The IVC is located _____ and ______ to the right kidney

A

anterior; medial

34
Q

The left adrenal gland is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney

A

anterior; superior

35
Q

The pancreatic tail is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney

A

anterior; medial

36
Q

The spleen is located _____, ________, and ______ to the left kidney

A

anterior; superior; lateral

37
Q

The stomach is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney

A

anterior; superior

38
Q

The splenic flexure of the colon is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney

A

anterior; lateral

39
Q

The diaphragm is located ____ to both kidneys

A

posterior

40
Q

What are the layers surrounding the kidneys?

A

pararenal fat; Gerota’s fascia, perirenal fascia, perinephric fascia; fibrous capsule; perirenal fat

41
Q

Renal stenosis can cause?

A

uncontrolled BP

42
Q

Describe the double collecting system

A

normal variant; divided renal sinus and can also have two ureters

43
Q

Describe pancake kidney and what can happen to the other kidney

A

Flat kidney due to abnormal location; other kidney larger due to overcompensation

44
Q

True or False: Horseshoe kidneys can be connected at either the inferior or superior pole

A

True

45
Q

Hydronephrosis can be caused by?

A

BPH, fibroid, pregnancy

46
Q

Describe angiomyolipoma

A

rare, benign, and fatty tumor found in older women

47
Q

What is the most common carcinoma of the kidney?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

48
Q

What is the most common carcinoma in children?

A

nephroblastoma

Abdomenopelvic (7 decks)

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