Kidneys

Question 1

The kidneys are located ______ and _________.

Answer 1

posterior; retroperitoneal

Question 2

The right kidney is 1 inch _____ than the left

Answer 2

lower

Question 3

The left kidney is slightly more ______ and ______.

Answer 3

narrow; longer

Question 4

What are the typical measurements of the kidney?

Answer 4

L: 9-12 cm, W: 4-6 cm, AP: 2.5-4 cm

Question 5

The adrenal glands are in the _____ portion of the kideny

Answer 5

superior

Question 6

True or False: Adult adrenal glands can be seen sonographically

Answer 6

False

Question 7

The kidney appears how sonographically?

Answer 7

heterogenous

Question 8

The renal cortex appears how sonographically?

Answer 8

homogenous; low to medium level echoes

Question 9

What are the functions of the kidney?

Answer 9

removal of waste, regulate fluids and blood pressure, process blood

Question 10

How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?

Answer 10

produce renin

Question 11

_____ percent of blood pumped from the heart goes through the kidneys

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

Fluid not reabsorbed into tubular network is expelled as?

Answer 12

urine

Question 13

The kidneys filter and clean blood of what?

Answer 13

toxic waste, excessive water and salt

Question 14

What is the endocrine function of the kidneys?

Answer 14

vitamin D

Question 15

Describe the flow of blood from the renal artery to the interlobular arteries

Answer 15

renal artery –> segmental –> interlobar –> arcuate –> interlobular

Question 16

The renal cortex contains?

Answer 16

renal corpuscle, nephrons, convulated tubules

Question 17

The renal medulla is also called?

Answer 17

pyramids

Question 18

How can you tell the different between renal pyramids and a cyst?

Answer 18

pyramids are equally spaced

Question 19

The renal medulla contains?

Answer 19

loop of henle

Question 20

What are the renal pyramids separated by?

Answer 20

columns of bertin

Question 21

The kidney contains how many renal pyramids?

Answer 21

8-18

Question 22

The kidney contains how many minor calyces?

Answer 22

7-13

Question 23

The kidney contains how many major calyces?

Answer 23

2-3

Question 24

Bowman’s Capsule is located where?

Answer 24

renal cortex

Question 25

What occurs inside Bowman's Capsule?

Answer 25

filtration

Question 26

Describe the flow of blood from the interlobular arteries to the efferent arterioles

Answer 26

interlobular --> afferent arterioles --> glomerulus --> 1% to waste (urine) and 99% to efferent arterioles (blood)

Question 27

Where are the afferent and efferent arterioles located?

Answer 27

renal cortex

Question 28

Describe the flow of urine through the convulated tubules to the renal pelvis

Answer 28

glomerulus --> proximal convulated tubule --> loop of henle --> distal convulated tubules --> collecting duct --> minor calyces --> major calyces and pelvis

Question 29

The right adrenal gland is _____ and ______ to the right kidney

Answer 29

anterior; superior

Question 30

The right lobe of the liver is located _______ and _______ to the right kidney

Answer 30

anterior; lateral

Question 31

The second part of the duodenum is located _____ and ______ to the right kidney

Answer 31

anterior; medial

Question 32

The hepatic flexure of the colon is located _____ and ______ to the right kidney

Answer 32

anterior; inferior

Question 33

The IVC is located _____ and ______ to the right kidney

Answer 33

anterior; medial

Question 34

The left adrenal gland is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney

Answer 34

anterior; superior

Question 35

The pancreatic tail is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney

Answer 35

anterior; medial

Question 36

The spleen is located _____, ________, and ______ to the left kidney

Answer 36

anterior; superior; lateral

Question 37

The stomach is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney

Answer 37

anterior; superior

Question 38

The splenic flexure of the colon is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney

Answer 38

anterior; lateral

Question 39

The diaphragm is located ____ to both kidneys

Answer 39

posterior

Question 40

What are the layers surrounding the kidneys?

Answer 40

pararenal fat; Gerota's fascia, perirenal fascia, perinephric fascia; fibrous capsule; perirenal fat

Question 41

Renal stenosis can cause?

Answer 41

uncontrolled BP

Question 42

Describe the double collecting system

Answer 42

normal variant; divided renal sinus and can also have two ureters

Question 43

Describe pancake kidney and what can happen to the other kidney

Answer 43

Flat kidney due to abnormal location; other kidney larger due to overcompensation

Question 44

True or False: Horseshoe kidneys can be connected at either the inferior or superior pole

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Hydronephrosis can be caused by?

Answer 45

BPH, fibroid, pregnancy

Question 46

Describe angiomyolipoma

Answer 46

rare, benign, and fatty tumor found in older women

Question 47

What is the most common carcinoma of the kidney?

Answer 47

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 48

What is the most common carcinoma in children?

Answer 48

nephroblastoma