Kidneys Flashcards
The kidneys are located ______ and _________.
posterior; retroperitoneal
The right kidney is 1 inch _____ than the left
lower
The left kidney is slightly more ______ and ______.
narrow; longer
What are the typical measurements of the kidney?
L: 9-12 cm, W: 4-6 cm, AP: 2.5-4 cm
The adrenal glands are in the _____ portion of the kideny
superior
True or False: Adult adrenal glands can be seen sonographically
False
The kidney appears how sonographically?
heterogenous
The renal cortex appears how sonographically?
homogenous; low to medium level echoes
What are the functions of the kidney?
removal of waste, regulate fluids and blood pressure, process blood
How do the kidneys regulate blood pressure?
produce renin
_____ percent of blood pumped from the heart goes through the kidneys
25%
Fluid not reabsorbed into tubular network is expelled as?
urine
The kidneys filter and clean blood of what?
toxic waste, excessive water and salt
What is the endocrine function of the kidneys?
vitamin D
Describe the flow of blood from the renal artery to the interlobular arteries
renal artery –> segmental –> interlobar –> arcuate –> interlobular
The renal cortex contains?
renal corpuscle, nephrons, convulated tubules
The renal medulla is also called?
pyramids
How can you tell the different between renal pyramids and a cyst?
pyramids are equally spaced
The renal medulla contains?
loop of henle
What are the renal pyramids separated by?
columns of bertin
The kidney contains how many renal pyramids?
8-18
The kidney contains how many minor calyces?
7-13
The kidney contains how many major calyces?
2-3
Bowman’s Capsule is located where?
renal cortex
What occurs inside Bowman’s Capsule?
filtration
Describe the flow of blood from the interlobular arteries to the efferent arterioles
interlobular –> afferent arterioles –> glomerulus –> 1% to waste (urine) and 99% to efferent arterioles (blood)
Where are the afferent and efferent arterioles located?
renal cortex
Describe the flow of urine through the convulated tubules to the renal pelvis
glomerulus –> proximal convulated tubule –> loop of henle –> distal convulated tubules –> collecting duct –> minor calyces –> major calyces and pelvis
The right adrenal gland is _____ and ______ to the right kidney
anterior; superior
The right lobe of the liver is located _______ and _______ to the right kidney
anterior; lateral
The second part of the duodenum is located _____ and ______ to the right kidney
anterior; medial
The hepatic flexure of the colon is located _____ and ______ to the right kidney
anterior; inferior
The IVC is located _____ and ______ to the right kidney
anterior; medial
The left adrenal gland is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney
anterior; superior
The pancreatic tail is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney
anterior; medial
The spleen is located _____, ________, and ______ to the left kidney
anterior; superior; lateral
The stomach is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney
anterior; superior
The splenic flexure of the colon is located _____ and ______ to the left kidney
anterior; lateral
The diaphragm is located ____ to both kidneys
posterior
What are the layers surrounding the kidneys?
pararenal fat; Gerota’s fascia, perirenal fascia, perinephric fascia; fibrous capsule; perirenal fat
Renal stenosis can cause?
uncontrolled BP
Describe the double collecting system
normal variant; divided renal sinus and can also have two ureters
Describe pancake kidney and what can happen to the other kidney
Flat kidney due to abnormal location; other kidney larger due to overcompensation
True or False: Horseshoe kidneys can be connected at either the inferior or superior pole
True
Hydronephrosis can be caused by?
BPH, fibroid, pregnancy
Describe angiomyolipoma
rare, benign, and fatty tumor found in older women
What is the most common carcinoma of the kidney?
Renal cell carcinoma
What is the most common carcinoma in children?
nephroblastoma
