Vasculature Flashcards
1
Q
functions of the CV system
A
- gas exchange (resp system)
- fluid balance (urinary system)
- immune response
- temp and pressure regulation
2
Q
types of arteries (large to small)
A
- large: elastic arteries
- medium: muscular arteries
- arterioles
- metarterioles
- capillaries - continuous, fenestrated, sinusoidal
3
Q
types of veins
A
- large veins
- medium veins
- small veins (venules)
4
Q
type of flow in elastic and muscular arteries
A
- pulsatile flow (high pressure)
- therefore can detect pulse
5
Q
type of blood flow in veins and venules
A
- continuous/smooth flow (low pressure)
- therefore can’t detect pulse
6
Q
3 layers of a blood vessel
A
- tunica intima = simple squamous endothelium to prevent sticking of RBCs
- tunica media = muscular and/or elastic to alter rate of blood flow & size of lumen
- tunica adventitia or externa = elastic layer fibres and small blood vessels (vasa vasorum)
7
Q
structure of elastic arteries
A
- tunica intima: endothelium
- thick tunica media w/ smooth muscle and elastic fibres
- tunica adventitia w/ vasa vasorum
- closer to heart
8
Q
structure of muscular arteries
A
- tunica intima: endothelium
- mainly smooth muscle in tunica media
- internal and external elastic lamina
- vaso vasorum in tunica adventitia
- further from heart
9
Q
structure of arterioles
A
- tunica intima
- tunica media: few layers of smooth muscle and elaastic fibres
- thinner tunica adventitia
10
Q
structure and function of capillaries
A
- S = tunica intima/endothelium (no tunica media/adventitia), may have pericytes around basement membrane to help w/ contraction,
- F = substance exchange
11
Q
3 types of capillaries
A
- continuous: endothelial cells joined by tight junctions > particles have to diffuse through endothelial cells to get into lumen
- fenestrated: ‘windows’ across endothelium > some particle movement
- sinusoidal: larger gaps b/n endothelial cells + basement membrane > large compounds and some cells can move across
12
Q
metarterioles
A
- arterioles w/ smooth muscle sphincters which can close to redirect blood flow
- located where arterioles meet capillaries
13
Q
anastomosis
A
- provide alternative pathways for blood flow
- often located in places of extensive movement e.g. skeletal muscles
14
Q
structure of post capillary venules
A
- very similar to capillaries
15
Q
structure of venules
A
- tunica intima (endothelium)
- tunica media: smooth muscle
- thin tunica adventitia