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JAFFY Anatomy > S2 - Upper Limb (Forearm) > Flashcards

S2 - Upper Limb (Forearm) Flashcards

1
Q

what are A, B, C and D?

A
  • A = lateral supracondylar ridge
  • B = radial fossa (lateral)
  • C = capitulum (lateral, articulates w/ head of radius)
  • D = trochlea (medial, articulates w/ ulna)
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2
Q

what are E, F, G, H and I?

A
  • E = medial supracondylar ridge
  • F = coronoid fossa (medial)
  • G = medial epicondyle
  • H = olecranon fossa
  • I = lateral epicondyle
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3
Q

what are A, B, C and D?

A
  • A = coronoid process (articulates w/ coronoid fossa on humerus)
  • B = trochlear notch (articulates w/ trochlea on humerus)
  • C = olecranon process (articulates w/ olecranon fossa on humerus)
  • D = radial notch of the ulna (PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR JOINT)
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4
Q

what are E, F, G and H?

A
  • E = radial head (articulates w/ capitulum of humerus which is lateral to trochlea)
  • F = radial tuberosity (distal insertion of biceps)
  • G = ulnar tuberosity (insertion of brachialis)
  • H = ulnar notch of the radius (forms DISTAL radioulnar joint)
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5
Q

what is I?

A
  • I = styloid process (one radial, one ulnar)
  • NB ulnar head is DISTAL
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6
Q

describe the articulations of the elbow joint

A
  • CRazy TUlips
  • capitulum of humerus goes with the head of the radius (lateral) - humeroradial
  • trochlea of humerus goes with the trochlear notch of the ulna (medial) - humeroulnar joint
  • (also the proximal radioulnar joint, but technically not part of the elbow as it allows for pronation and supination, not flexion and extension)
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7
Q

where are the bursae of the elbow?

A
  • olecranon (subcutaneous) bursa
  • bicipitoradial bursa (b/n biceps tendon and radial tuberosity)
  • intratendinous bursa (in triceps brachii tendon)
  • subtendinous bursa (b/n olecranon process and triceps brachii tendon)
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8
Q

which 2 ligaments support the elbow joint?

A
  • radial collateral
  • ulnar collateral
  • help prevent medial/lateral dislocation
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9
Q

anatomical snuffbox borders

A
  • medial: tendon of EPL
  • lateral: tendon of APL and EPB
  • proximal: radial styloid process
  • floor: scaphoid + trapezium
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10
Q

contents of anatomical snuffbox

A
  • radial artery
  • superficial branch of radial nerve
  • cephalic vein
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11
Q

innervation of the elbow joint

A
  • musculocutaneous nerve
  • radial nerve
  • ulnar nerve
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12
Q

what is A?
- where is its origin?
- what are the 2 heads?
- what nerve runs through it?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • pronator teres (most superficial anterior layer)
  • origin: medial supracondylar ridge
  • has a superficial and deep head
  • innervation: median nerve
  • elbow flexion and pronation
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13
Q

what is B?
- where is its origin?
- where is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • flexor carpi radialis (most superficial anterior layer)
  • origin: medial epicondyle
  • insertion: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
  • innervation: median nerve
  • movements: wrist flexion and lateral (radial) deviation of the wrist
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14
Q

what is C?
- where is its origin?
- where is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movement is it responsible for?

A
  • palmaris longus (most superficial anterior layer)
  • origin: medial epicondyle
  • insertion: palmar aponeurosis
  • innervation: median nerve
  • movement: wrist flexion
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15
Q

what is D?
- where is its origin?
- where is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • flexor carpi ulnaris (most superficial anterior layer)
  • origin: medial epicondyle
  • insertion: base of 5th metacarpal
  • innervation: ulnar nerve
  • movement: wrist flexion and medial (ulnar) deviation of the wrist
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16
Q

what is this muscle?
- where are its origins?
- where are its insertions?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis (intermediate anterior layer)
  • origins: distal humeral head, ulnar head, radial head
  • insertions: base of middle phalanges (splits into Y shape to allow another tendon to pass thru)
  • innervation: median nerve
  • movements: wrist flexion, flexion of digits 2-5 @ PIP and MCP joints
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17
Q

what is A?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • flexor pollicis longus (deep anterior layer)
  • innervation: median nerve
  • movements: thumb flexion @ IP and MCP joints
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18
Q

what is B?
- what is its origin?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus (deep anterior layer)
  • origin: interosseous membrane (between radius and ulna) on the ulna
  • insertion: base of distal phalanges 2-5
  • innervation: median n. (phalanges 2-3.5) and ulnar n. (3.5-5)
  • movements: flexion of wrist and flexion of digits 2-5 @ MCP and IP joints
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19
Q

what is this muscle and what is its function?

A
  • pronator quadratus (deep anterior layer)
  • pronation
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20
Q

what is A?
- what is its origin?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • brachioradialis (superficial posterior layer)
  • origin: lateral supracondylar ridge
  • insertion: styloid process of radius
  • innervation: radial nerve
  • movement: elbow flexion (esp. during pronation)
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21
Q

what is B?
- what is its origin?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis longus (superficial posterior layer)
  • origin: lateral epicondyle
  • insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal
  • innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
  • movements: wrist extension and radial (lateral) deviation of the wrist
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22
Q

what is C?
- what is its origin?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis (superficial posterior layer)
  • origin: lateral epicondyle
  • insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal
  • innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
  • movements: wrist extension and radial (lateral) deviation of the wrist
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23
Q

what is D?
- what is its origin?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • extensor carpi ulnaris (superficial posterior layer)
  • origin: lateral epicondyle
  • insertion: base of 5th metacarpal
  • innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve - deep branch)
  • movement: wrist extension and ulnar deviation
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24
Q

what is E?
- what is its origin?
- what is its innervation?
- what is its function?

A
  • anconeus (superficial posterior layer)
  • origin: lateral epicondyle
  • innervation: radial nerve
  • function: ulnar stability during elbow flexion/extension
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25
Q

what is A?
- what is its origin?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • extensor digiti minimi (superficial posterior layer)
  • origin: lateral epicondyle
  • insertion: tip of 5th phalanx
  • innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous n)
  • movement: wrist extension + extension of 5th digit @ MCP and IP joints
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26
Q

what is B?
- what is its origin?
- what is its insertions?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • extensor digitorum (superficial posterior layer)
  • origin: lateral epicondyle
  • insertions: tip of phalanges 2-4 and tip of 5th metacarpal
  • innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous n)
  • movement: extension of digits 2-5 at IP and MCP joints
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27
Q

what is A?
- what is its innervation?
- what movement is it responsible for?

A
  • supinator (deep + superficial head - deep posterior layer)
  • innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
  • movement: supination
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28
Q

what is B?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movement is it responsible for?

A
  • abductor pollicis longus (deep posterior layer)
  • insertion: base of 1st DISTAL phalanx
  • innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
  • movement: thumb abduction
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29
Q

what is C?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movement is it responsible for?

A
  • extensor pollicis brevis (deep posterior layer)
  • insertion: base of 1st PROXIMAL phalanx
  • innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
  • movement: thumb extension
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30
Q

what is D?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movement is it responsible for?

A
  • extensor pollicis longus (deep posterior layer)
  • insertion: base of 1st DISTAL phalanx
  • innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
  • movement: thumb extension
31
Q

what is E?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movement is it responsible for?

A
  • extensor indicis (deep posterior layer)
  • insertion: distal 2nd phalanx
  • innervation: radial nerve (posterior interosseous nerve)
  • movement: index finger extension
32
Q

what are A, B and C?

A
  • A = carpometacarpal joints
  • B = midcarpal joints (plane/gliding joint)
  • C = radiocarpal joints
33
Q

during pronation, what is the fulcrum/pivot point?

A
  • articular disc (cartilage): triangular in shape
  • attaches to radius and ulnar styloid
34
Q

what are A, B, C and D?

A
  • A = scaphoid
  • B = lunate
  • C = triquetral
  • D = pisiform
    (Straight Line To Pinky - from lateral to medial)
35
Q

what are E, F, G and H?

A
  • E = trapezium
  • F = trapezoid
  • G = capitate
  • H = hamate
  • Here Comes The Thumb (from medial to lateral)
36
Q

what are A, B and C?

A
  • A = radial collateral ligament (from radius to carpals)
  • B = palmar radiocarpal ligament
  • C = palmar ulnar carpal ligament
37
Q

what are D, E and F?

A
  • D AND F = ulnar collateral ligament (from ulna to carpals)
  • E = dorsal radiocarpal ligament
38
Q

what are A, B and C?

A
  • A = flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
  • B = flexor carpi radialis tendon
  • C = sheaths that enwrap tendons to allow gliding and prevent friction
39
Q

what are D and E?

A
  • D = flexor digitorum profundus tendons
  • E = flexor pollicis longus tendon
40
Q

borders of the cubital fossa

A
  • superior: imaginary line b/n medial and lateral epicondyles
  • lateral: brachioradialis
  • medial: pronator teres
  • roof: skin
  • floor: brachialis + supinator
41
Q

contents of the cubital fossa

A
  • radial nerve
  • median nerve
  • biceps tendon
  • brachial artery
  • median cubital vein
42
Q

what are A, B, C and D?

A
  • A = brachioradialis
  • B = basilic vein
  • C = cephalic vein
  • D = median antebrachial vein
43
Q

what are E, F, G, H?

A
  • E = supinator
  • F = superficial branch of radial nerve
  • G = deep branch of radial nerve
  • H = biceps tendon (attaches to radial tuberosity)
44
Q

what are I, J, K, L and M?

A
  • I = brachial artery
  • J = radial artery
  • K = ulnar artery
  • L = median nerve
  • M = ulnar nerve
45
Q

what is A?
- what is its origin?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • abductor digiti minimi (palmar)
  • origin: pisiform carpal
  • insertion: base of proximal 5th phalanx
  • innervation: ulnar nerve
  • movement: abduction of 5th finger
46
Q

what is B?
- what is its origin?
- what is its insertion?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • flexor digiti minimi (palmar)
  • origin: hamate carpal
  • insertion: 5th metacarpophalangeal joint
  • innervation: ulnar nerve
  • movement: flexion of 5th finger
47
Q

what is C?
- what is its origin?
- what is its insertions?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • flexor pollicis brevis (palmar)
  • origin: trapezium carpal
  • insertion: base of proximal 1st phalanx
  • innervation: median nerve
  • movement: thumb flexion @ MCP joint
48
Q

what is D?
- what is its innervation?
- what movements is it responsible for?

A
  • abductor pollicis brevis (palmar)
  • innervation: median nerve
  • movement: thumb abduction
49
Q

what are A, B and C?
- what is their function and innervation?

A
  • A = opponens digiti minimi (palmar): opposition of 5th finger (ulnar n.)
  • B = adductor pollicis (palmar): adduction of thumb (ulnar n.)
  • C = opponens pollicis (palmar): thumb opposition (median n.)
50
Q

what are these muscles?
- what is their innervation

A
  • lumbricals (palmar)
  • arise from tendons of flexor digitorum profundus which is in the forearm, begin anteriorly and then insert around the back of the fingers to become extensors
  • innervation: median nerve (2-3) and ulnar nerve (4-5)
  • movement: MCP flexion of digits 2-5 and extension @ the IP joints
51
Q

what are these muscles and what is their function?

A
  • left: palmar interossei (adduction - PAD)
  • right: dorsal interossei (abduction - DAB)
52
Q

label all components

A
  • A = radial artery
  • B = ulnar artery
  • C = posterior interosseous vessel
  • D = anterior interosseous vessel
  • E = radial/deep palmar arch
  • F = superficial palmar arch (from ulna)
53
Q

main cause of pain in anatomical snuffbox

A
  • scaphoid fracture, usually caused by FOOSH > avascular necrosis
54
Q

what 3 muscles make up the thenar eminence and what nerve innervates them

A
  • flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
  • lateral - on the palmar surface of the thumb
  • innervated by median nerve
55
Q

monteggia and galeazzi fractures

A
  • monteggia (A for proximal): proximal ulnar shaft fracture leading to anterior dislocation of radial head, usually from posterior force on ulna
  • galeazzi (Z for distal): fracture of distal third of radius > causes ulna to dislocate at the distal radioulnar joint, usually from trauma to distal end of radius.
  • “mugger”: MU = Monteggia Ulna and GR = galeazzi = radius
56
Q

colles and smith’s fractures

A
  • colles: leads to posterior displacement of distal end of radius, from FOOSH > can cause median nerve damage
  • smith’s: similar to colles except ANTERIOR displacement of distal radius > from falling on back of hand
57
Q

describe the general innervation of the forearm

A
  • anterior compartment: median nerve
  • posterior compartment: radial nerve
  • hand: ulnar (medially), radial and median nerve
58
Q

2 types of epicondylitis

A
  • medial: golfer’s elbow (pronation and wrist flexion): flexor carpi ulnaris and pronator teres
  • lateral: tennis elbow (supination and wrist extension) - extensor carpi radialis
59
Q

student’s elbow

A
  • olecranon bursitis
  • presentation: pain, swelling, redness
60
Q

what 4 muscles make up the hypothenar eminence and what nerve are they innervated by

A
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • opponens digiti minimi
  • palmaris brevis
  • medial - on the palmar surface of the pinky finger
  • innervated by ulnar nerve
61
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • impingement of the median nerve which can cause numbness and tingling
  • can cause thenar atrophy
62
Q

describe the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

A
  • proximal: radial notch of ulna articulates with radial head
  • distal: ulnar notch of radius articulates with ulnar head (has a weak capsule to allow for pronation and supination)
  • both are pivot joints which allow for pronation and supination
63
Q

contents of the carpal tunnel

A
  • median nerve
  • FPL tendon, FDP tendon, FDS tendon
64
Q

guyon’s canal

A
  • passageway in the anteromedial portion of the wrist for the ulnar n. and a.
65
Q

flowchart of anterior forearm muscles

A
66
Q

flowchart of posterior forearm muscles

A
67
Q

flowchart of hand muscles

A
68
Q

an injury to which carpal is most likely to result in median nerve compression and hence carpal tunnel syndrome?

A
  • lunate
69
Q

which carpal doesn’t participate in the wrist joint?

A
  • pisiform
70
Q

does radial or ulnar deviation have more ROM? why?

A
  • ulnar
  • b/c radial styloid gets in the way and prevents radial deviation
71
Q

what type of joint is the MCP joint?

A
  • hinge
72
Q

describe the innervation of the hand (sensory and motor)

A
  • SENSORY: ulnar (1.5 medial on both sides), median (3.5 lateral palmar), radial (3.5 lateral dorsal)
  • MOTOR: ulnar (1.5 medial) and median (3.5 lateral)
73
Q

which nerve innervates palmaris brevis?

A
  • ulnar n.

JAFFY Anatomy (14 decks)

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