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bio 150 test 3 > Vasculature > Flashcards

Vasculature Flashcards

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1
Q

A bee sting can trigger a massive release of histamine, which causes ________ and a(n) ________ in arterial blood pressure.
vasoconstriction; increase
vasodilation; increase
vasoconstriction; decrease
vasoconstriction; oscillation
vasodilation; decrease

A

vasodilation; decrease

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2
Q

A mean arterial pressure below 60 mmHg can cause which of the following?
Compensated shock
Syncope
Cerebral edema
Cardiogenic shock
Neurogenic shock

A

syncope

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3
Q

A nurse takes your blood pressure and tells you the numbers are 110/70. What are your blood pressures?
Systolic = 110 mmHg, Diastolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 90 mmMg
Diastolic = 110 mmHg, Systolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 107 mmMg
Systolic = 110 mmHg, Diastolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 107 mmMg
Diastolic = 110 mmHg, Systolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 90 mmMg

A

Systolic = 110 mmHg, Diastolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 107 mmMg

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4
Q

Alternative routes of blood supply are called ________.
preferred channels
capillary beds
metarterioles
anastomoses
thoroughfare channels

A

anastomoses

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5
Q

Arterial flow to the lower limb comes from the external iliac artery.
True
False

A

true

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6
Q

Arteries are sometimes called the ________ vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have strong-resilient tissue structure.
resistance
compliance
hydrodynamic
fenestrated
capacitance

A

resistance

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7
Q

Blood filtered through the hepatic sinusoids exits the liver via the hepatic veins.
True
False

A

true

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8
Q

Blood flow is pulsatile in arteries and veins, but it is steady in capillaries.
True
False

A

false

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9
Q

Blood flow through a capillary bed is regulated by precapillary sphincters.
True
False

A

true

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10
Q

Blood flow to the ________ remains quite stable even when mean arterial pressure (MAP) fluctuates from 60 to 140 mm Hg.
adrenal gland
hypothalamus
kidneys
skeletal muscles
stomach

A

hypothalamus

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11
Q

Decompensated shock is normally corrected by the body’s homeostatic mechanisms.
True
False

A

false

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12
Q

During exercise, arterioles to the skeletal muscles ________.
constrict in response to increased O2 and decreased CO2
dilate in response to increased O2 and decreased CO2
constrict in response to increased muscle metabolites
dilate in response to increased muscle metabolites

A

dilate in response to increased muscle metabolites

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13
Q

How is venous return to your heart affected when you go for an easy jog?
It is increased due to decreased skeletal muscular pump activity
It is decreased due to decreased skeletal muscular pump activity
It is increased due to increased skeletal muscular pump activity
It is decreased due to increased skeletal muscular pump activity

A

It is increased due to increased skeletal muscular pump activity

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14
Q

How many pulmonary arteries empty into the right atrium of the heart?
1
4
2
0
8

A

0

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15
Q

Hypertension is commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than ________.
130/60
200/90
180/90
120/75
140/90

A

140/90

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16
Q

In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. What causes the varicose veins?
A ruptured aneurysm in a vein
Failure of the venous valves
Failure of the lymphatic valves
An aneurysm or weak point in a vein
An aneurysm or weak point in an artery

A

Failure of the venous valves

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17
Q

Myocardial infarction can lead to what type of shock?
Cardiogenic
Neurogenic
Hypovolemic
Obstructed venous return
Venous pooling (vascular)

A

Cardiogenic

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18
Q

Pulmonary arteries have ________ blood pressure compared to systemic arteries.
considerably lower
considerably higher
a little higher
similar
a little lower

A

considerably lower

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19
Q

The lungs receive a systemic blood supply by way of which vessel(s)?
Pulmonary veins
Bronchial arteries
Lobar arteries
Left pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary artery

A

Bronchial arteries

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20
Q

The outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the ________ and in large arteries and veins contains the ________.
tunica intima; basement membrane
tunica intima; endothelium
tunica externa; vasa vasorum
tunica media; smooth muscle
tunica externa; valves

A

tunica externa; vasa vasorum

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21
Q

What are the afferent vessels that carry blood back to the heart?
Arteries
Veins
Arterioles
Capillaries

A

veins

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22
Q

What are the major branches of the abdominal aorta from superior to inferior?
Superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, celiac trunk, gonadal arteries, renal arteries, and common iliac arteries
Superior mesenteric artery, celiac trunk, gonadal arteries, renal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries
Superior mesenteric artery, celiac trunk, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries
Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries
Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, gonadal arteries, renal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries

A

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, renal arteries, gonadal arteries, inferior mesenteric artery, and common iliac arteries

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23
Q

What causes reactive hyperemia to increase tissue perfusion?
Respiratory controls
Urinary controls
Hormonal controls
Neural controls
Local controls

A

local controls

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24
Q

What does the medullary ischemic reflex result in?
Increased circulation to the adrenal medulla
Increased circulation to the brain
Reduced circulation to the brain
Ischemia of the medulla oblongata
Hormone secretion by the adrenal medulla when perfusion drops

A

Increased circulation to the brain

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25
Q

What is one possible path of blood from the heart to the left hallux and back to the heart?
Aorta → left common iliac artery → left external iliac artery → left femoral artery → left popliteal artery → left anterior tibial artery → dorsal pedal artery → arcuate arteries → dorsal venous arch → left great saphenous vein → left femoral vein → left external iliac vein → left common iliac vein → inferior vena cava
Aorta → left common iliac artery → lleft external iliac artery → left great saphenous artery → left anterior tibial artery → dorsal pedal artery → arcuate arteries → dorsal venous arch → left small saphenous vein → left femoral vein → left internal iliac vein → left common iliac vein → inferior vena cava
Aorta → left common iliac artery → left internal iliac artery → left femoral artery → left popliteal artery → left posterior tibial artery → dorsal pedal artery → arcuate arteries → dorsal venous arch → left fibular vein → left popliteal vein → left internal iliac vein → left common iliac vein → inferior vena cava
Aorta → left common iliac artery → left internal iliac artery → left small saphenous artery → left popliteal artery → left posterior tibial artery → dorsal pedal artery → arcuate arteries → dorsal venous arch → left femoral vein → left internal iliac vein → left common iliac vein → inferior vena cava

A

Aorta → left common iliac artery → left external iliac artery → left femoral artery → left popliteal artery → left anterior tibial artery → dorsal pedal artery → arcuate arteries → dorsal venous arch → left great saphenous vein → left femoral vein → left external iliac vein → left common iliac vein → inferior vena cava

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26
Q

What is taken up by the capillaries at their venous end?
Waste products
Glucose
Organic nutrients
Amino acids
Oxygen

A

waste products

27
Q

What is the longest vein commonly used in grafts in coronary bypass surgery?
Deep femoral vein
Common iliac vein
Femoral vein
Inferior vena cava
Great saphenous vein

A

Great saphenous vein

28
Q

What is the mean arterial pressure for a person with 110 and 65 mm Hg as systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively?
90 mm Hg
80 mm Hg
87.5 mm Hg
175 mm Hg
45 mm Hg

A

80 mm Hg

29
Q

What is the most important force driving filtration at the arterial end of a capillary?
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
Blood colloid osmotic pressure
Oncotic pressure
Tissue fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Blood hydrostatic pressure

A

Blood hydrostatic pressure

30
Q

What is the most important force driving reabsorption at the venous end of a capillary?
Oncotic pressure
Blood hydrostatic pressure
Tissue fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Blood colloid osmotic pressure
Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

A

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

31
Q

What is the most important force in venous flow?
The thoracic (respiratory) pump
Cardiac suction
The one way flow due to valves
The pressure generated by the heart
The skeletal muscle pump

A

The pressure generated by the heart

32
Q

What is the path of blood flow from the heart to the lung tissues and back to the heart?
Right ventricle → brachiocephalic arteries → lung tissues → brachiocephalic veins → inferior vena cava → left atrium
Left ventricle → aorta → brachiocephalic artery → lung tissues → bronchial veins → brachiocephalic vein → superior vena cava → right atrium
Left ventricle → aorta → bronchial arteries → lung tissues → bronchial veins → azygos vein → superior vena cava → right atrium
Right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → pulmonary arteries → lung tissues → pulmonary veins → left atrium

A

Left ventricle → aorta → bronchial arteries → lung tissues → bronchial veins → azygos vein → superior vena cava → right atrium

33
Q

What is the path of blood from the heart to the right little finger (pinky) and back to the heart?
Aorta → right subclavian artery → right axillary artery → right brachial artery → right basilic artery → palmar arches → venous palmar arches → right basilic vein → right cephalic vein → right subclavian vein → right brachiocephalic vein → superior vena cava
Aorta → brachiocephalic trunk → right subclavian artery → right axillary artery → right brachial artery → right ulnar artery → palmar arches → venous palmar arches → right ulnar vein → right brachial vein → right axillary vein → right subclavian vein → right brachiocephalic vein → superior vena cava
Aorta → brachiocephalic trunk → right subclavian artery → right axillary artery → right brachial artery → right ulnar artery → palmar arches → venous palmar arches → right basilic vein → right cephalic vein → right axillary vein → right brachiocephalic vein → superior vena cava
Aorta → right subclavian artery → right axillary artery → right brachial artery → right radial artery → palmar arches → venous palmar arches → right radial vein → right brachial vein → right axillary vein → right subclavian vein → superior vena cava

A

Aorta → brachiocephalic trunk → right subclavian artery → right axillary artery → right brachial artery → right ulnar artery → palmar arches → venous palmar arches → right ulnar vein → right brachial vein → right axillary vein → right subclavian vein → right brachiocephalic vein → superior vena cava

34
Q

What is the path of blood from the heart, to the left zygomaticus muscles, and back to the heart?
Aorta → left brachiocephalic artery → left common carotid artery → left internal carotid artery → left occipital artery → zygomatic tissues → left maxillary vein → left internal jugular vein → left subclavian vein → left brachiocephalic vein → superior vena cava
Aorta → left brachiocephalic artery → left common carotid artery → left external carotid artery → left facial artery → zygomatic tissues → left facial vein → left internal jugular vein → left subclavian vein → superior vena cava
Aorta → left common carotid artery → left internal carotid artery → left maxillary artery → zygomatic tissues → left facial vein → left external jugular vein → left subclavian vein → left brachiocephalic vein → superior vena cava
Aorta → left common carotid artery → left external carotid artery → left facial artery → zygomatic tissues → left facial vein → left internal jugular vein → Left subclavian vein → Left brachiocephalic vein → Superior vena cava

A

Aorta → left common carotid artery → left external carotid artery → left facial artery → zygomatic tissues → left facial vein → left internal jugular vein → Left subclavian vein → Left brachiocephalic vein → Superior vena cava

35
Q

What might account for a soldier experiencing syncope after standing at attention for a long period of time?
Venous pooling
Increased respiratory rate
Vasoconstriction
Increased heart rate

A

Venous pooling

36
Q

What type of shock can be produced by hemorrhage, severe burns, or dehydration?
Neurogenic
Cardiogenic
Venous pooling
Anaphylactic
Hypovolemic

A

Hypovolemic

37
Q

What type of shock occurs when bacterial toxins trigger vasodilation and increase capillary permeability?
Anaphylactic
Cardiogenic
Compensated
Septic
Neurogenic

A

septic

38
Q

Where is the greatest volume of blood found in the body?
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Pulmonary circuit
Heart

A

veins

39
Q

Where is the vasomotor center located?
Cerebral cortex
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Spinal cord
Medulla oblongata

A

Medulla oblongata

40
Q

Which of the following activities would fatigue your hand muscles the fastest?
Bouncing a ball on the floor as many times as you can
Throwing a ball in the air and catching it as many times as you can
Squeezing a ball as hard as you can without stopping
Alternately squeezing a ball then relaxing

A

Squeezing a ball as hard as you can without stopping

41
Q

Which of the following are powerful vasoconstrictors?
Norepinephrine and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Epinephrine and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Norepinephrine and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Epinephrine and aldosterone
Epinephrine and angiotensin II

A

Epinephrine and angiotensin II

42
Q

Which of the following are not tributaries of the inferior vena cava?
The inferior phrenic veins
The hepatic veins
The internal and external iliac veins
The vertebral veins
The lumbar veins

A

The vertebral veins

43
Q

Which of the following best describes the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)?
An anastomosis surrounding the pituitary gland
A portal system connecting the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary
A short anastomosis found in the cerebellum
An anastomosis circling the entire cortex
Formed by the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses

A

An anastomosis surrounding the pituitary gland

44
Q

Which of the following constitutes the principal venous drainage of the thoracic organs?
The azygos system
The mesenteric circulation
The hepatic portal system
The branches of the celiac trunk
The coronary and pulmonary veins

A

The azygos system

45
Q

Which of the following decreases blood pressure?
Antidiuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Norepinephrine
Angiotensin II
Atrial natriuretic peptide

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide

46
Q

Which of the following does not contribute to venous return?
The expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity during ventilation
Widespread vasodilation
Contraction of skeletal muscles of the limbs
The difference of pressure between venules and the venae cavae
The suction created by the atria slightly expanding during ventricular systole

A

Widespread vasodilation

47
Q

Which of the following does not lead to edema?
Obstruction of lymphatic vessels
Liver disease
Hypertension
Famine
Hyperproteinemia

A

Hyperproteinemia

48
Q

Which of the following does not move substances across capillary walls?
Reabsorption
Transcytosis
Filtration
Group transport
Diffusion

A

Group transport

49
Q

Which of the following has the most important effect on blood velocity?
Blood osmolarity
Blood viscosity
Vessel length
Vessel radius
Hematocrit

A

Vessel radius

50
Q

Which of the following is a portal system?
Heart → artery → arteriole → capillary bed → arteriole → capillary bed → venule → vein → heart
Heart → artery → vein → heart
Heart → artery → arteriole → capillary bed → venule → vein → vein → heart
Heart → artery → artery → arteriole → capillary bed → venule → vein → heart

A

Heart → artery → arteriole → capillary bed → arteriole → capillary bed → venule → vein → heart

51
Q

Which of the following is absent in humans?
Right and left subclavian arteries
Right and left brachiocephalic arteries
Right and left common carotid arteries
Right and left brachiocephalic veins
Right and left subclavian veins

A

Right and left brachiocephalic arteries

52
Q

Which of the following is associated with vasoreflexes?
Endothelium in the tunica interna
Collagen and elastic tissue in the tunica media
Smooth muscle in the tunica media
Elastic tissue in the tunica externa
Fenestrations in the tunica externa

A

Smooth muscle in the tunica media

53
Q

Which of the following is not a possible circulatory route from the heart?
Heart → arteries → arterial anastomosis → capillary bed → veins → heart
Heart → arteries → capillary bed → veins → heart
Heart → arteries → capillary bed → vein → capillary bed → arteries → heart
Heart → arteries → capillary bed → vein → capillary bed → veins → heart
Heart → arteries → arterial anastomosis → capillary bed → venous anastomosis → veins → heart

A

Heart → arteries → capillary bed → vein → capillary bed → arteries → heart

54
Q

Which of the following is not a vein of the lower limb?
Anterior interosseous artery
Fibular vein
Popliteal vein
Medial plantar artery
Posterior tibial artery

A

Anterior interosseous artery

55
Q

Which of the following is not a vein of the upper limb?
Basilic vein
Median antebrachial vein
Great saphenous vein
Cephalic vein
Ulnar vein

A

Great saphenous vein

56
Q

Which of the following routes of blood flow is correct?
Heart → large vein → medium vein → venule→ capillary → arteriole → distributing artery → conducting artery → heart
Heart → venule → medium vein → large vein → capillary → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → heart
Heart → distributing artery → conducting artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → large vein → medium vein → heart
Heart → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → medium vein → large vein → heart

A

Heart → conducting artery → distributing artery → arteriole → capillary → venule → medium vein → large vein → heart

57
Q

Which of the following statements about TIAs and CVAs is true?
TIAs are often early warning signs of an impending stroke.
A CVA usually results from spasms of diseased cerebral arteries.
TIAs often result in blindness and paralysis.
TIAs are the result of brain tissue death caused by ischemia.

A

TIAs are often early warning signs of an impending stroke.

58
Q

Which of the following would decrease capillary filtration?
Increased permeability of lymphatic capillaries
Dietary protein deficiency
Obstructed venous return
Increased capillary permeability
Dehydration

A

Dehydration

59
Q

Which of the following would decrease the velocity of blood flow?
Increased blood pressure
Increased viscosity
Decreased vasomotion
Increased afterload
Increased vessel radius

A

Increased viscosity

60
Q

Which vessel supplies 80% of the cerebrum?
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Occipital artery
Superficial temporal artery
Internal carotid artery

A

Internal carotid artery

61
Q

Which vessels have the thickest tunica media?
Small arteries
Large veins
Capillaries
Large arteries
Small veins

A

Large arteries

62
Q

While out hiking, a friend of yours falls and suffers a trauma. You notice they start to go into shock. What do you do to help?
Encourage them to sit up
Hold them upright in a standing position
Lie them down and elevate their legs
Lie them down and elevate their head

A

Lie them down and elevate their legs

63
Q

Why does our blood pressure generally go up as we age?
Our veins get ‘hard’ and absorb less diastolic force
Our arteries get ‘hard’ and absorb less diastolic force
Our veins get ‘hard’ and absorb less systolic force
Our arteries get ‘hard’ and absorb less systolic force

A

Our arteries get ‘hard’ and absorb less systolic force

64
Q

Your grandmother is experiencing temporary dizziness, blurred vision, paralysis on her left side, and mild aphasia. What do you think might be happening?
She has an aortic aneurism.
She has arteriosclerosis.
She is having a TIA.
She is having a myocardial infarction.

A

She is having a TIA.

bio 150 test 3 (6 decks)

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