exam 3 review Flashcards
A bee sting can trigger a massive release of histamine, which causes ________ and a(n) ________ in arterial blood pressure.
vasodilation; decrease
vasoconstriction; decrease
vasoconstriction; increase
vasoconstriction; oscillation
vasodilation; increase
vasodilation; decrease
A deficiency of ________ can cause pernicious anemia.
iron
vitamin C
folic acid
vitamin B12
EPO secretion
vitamin B12
A nurse takes your blood pressure and tells you the numbers are 110/70. What are your blood pressures?
Systolic = 110 mmHg, Diastolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 90 mmMg
Systolic = 110 mmHg, Diastolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 83 mmMg
Diastolic = 110 mmHg, Systolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 107 mmMg
Diastolic = 110 mmHg, Systolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 90 mmMg
Systolic = 110 mmHg, Diastolic = 70 mmHg, Pulse Pressure = 40 mmHg, MAP = 83 mmMg
A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type ________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type ________.
AB; O
A; B
O; O
O; AB
B; A
AB; O
Alternative routes of blood supply are called ________.
preferred channels
capillary beds
anastomoses
thoroughfare channels
metarterioles
anastomoses
Among its other purposes, how is the Valsalva maneuver used?
To expel more than the usual tidal volume from the lungs
To clear carbon monoxide from the body and replace it with oxygen
As part of the procedure for giving CPR to a person in respiratory arrest
To aid in defecation and urination
To ventilate the lungs during eupnea
To aid in defecation and urination
An extended period of time between the P wave and the QRS complex may indicate which of the following?
The signal is traveling too quickly to the AV node.
The atria are not contracting.
The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.
Ventricular contraction is faster than usual.
Ventricular contraction is taking longer than usual.
The signal is taking too long to get to the AV node.
An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except ________.
increased hematocrit
increased hypoxemia
increased blood osmolarity
increased RBC production
increased blood viscosity
increased hypoxemia
Arteries are sometimes called the ________ vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have strong-resilient tissue structure.
resistance
compliance
hydrodynamic
fenestrated
capacitance
resistance
Atrial depolarization causes the ________.
first heart sound
P wave
T wave
QRS complex
quiescent period
P wave
Atrial systole begins ________.
immediately after the T wave
during the Q wave
immediately before the P wave
immediately after the P wave
during the S-T segment
immediately after the P wave
Blood flow through a capillary bed is regulated by precapillary sphincters.
True
False
true
Blood viscosity stems mainly from electrolytes and monomers dissolved in plasma.
True
False
false
Correction of hypoxemia is regulated by ________.
a self-amplifying mechanism
a positive feedback loop
a cascade effect
an enzymatic amplification
a negative feedback loop
a negative feedback loop
During exercise, which of the following directly increases respiratory rate?
The Bohr effect
Anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle
Reduced oxyhemoglobin
Increased H+ level in the blood
Reduced blood pH
Anticipation of the needs of exercising muscle
During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles ________.
remains constant
falls and then rises
rises and then falls
rises rapidly
falls rapidly
rises rapidly
Endurance athletes commonly have a resting heart rate as low as 40 bpm, and a stroke volume as low as 50 mL/beat.
True
False
false
Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood.
True
False
false
How is the vital capacity calculated?
Inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory volume
Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume
Respiratory volume + tidal volume
Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
Expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
How many pulmonary arteries empty into the right atrium of the heart?
2
8
0
1
4
0
Hypercapnia and acidosis have positive chronotropic effects.
True
False
true
Hypertension is commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than ________.
130/60
120/75
180/90
140/90
200/90
140/90
In a healthy person, which of the following will have the greatest influence on resistance to pulmonary airflow?
Contraction of the diaphragm
Quantity of surfactant
Atmospheric pressure
Bronchiole diameter
Respiratory rate
Bronchiole diameter
In people who stand for long periods, blood tends to pool in the lower limbs and this may result in varicose veins. What causes the varicose veins?
A ruptured aneurysm in a vein
An aneurysm or weak point in an artery
An aneurysm or weak point in a vein
Failure of the lymphatic valves
Failure of the venous valves
Failure of the venous valves
In the air we breathe, which gas is found in the highest concentration?
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Water vapor
Nitrogen
nitrogen
In which condition are the lungs infected with Mycobacterium and produce fibrous nodules around the bacteria, leading to progressive pulmonary fibrosis?
Rhinitis
Tuberculosis
Pneumonia
Pneumothorax
Dyspnea
Tuberculosis
Lymphocytes secrete antibodies, coordinate action of other immune cells, and serve in immune memory.
True
False
true
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) generates a murmur associated with the ________ heart sound that occurs when the ________.
lubb (S1); ventricles relax
dupp (S2); atria relax
lubb (S1); ventricles contract
dupp (S2); ventricles relax
lubb (S1); atria contract
lubb (S1); ventricles contract
Mitral valve prolapse causes blood to leak back into the ________ when the ventricles contract.
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary trunk
right atrium
left atrium
aorta
left atrium
Mucus plays an important role in cleansing inhaled air. It is produced by ________ of the respiratory tract.
ciliated cells
great alveolar cells
squamous alveolar cells
the pleurae
goblet cells
goblet cells
Obstruction of the ________ will cause a more severe myocardial infarction (MI) than the obstruction of any of the others.
left coronary artery (LCA)
circumflex branch
left marginal vein
anterior interventricular branch
posterior interventricular vein
left coronary artery (LCA)
Rh incompatibility between a sensitized Rh+ woman and an Rh- fetus can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.
True
False
false
Serum is essentially identical to plasma except for the absence of ________.
albumin
nitrogenous wastes
fibrinogen
platelets
glucose
fibrinogen
The ABO blood group is determined by ________ in the plasma membrane of RBCs.
glycolipids
agglutinins
antigen-antibody complexes
glycoproteins
antibodies
glycolipids
The ________ are the superior chambers of the heart and the ________ are the inferior chambers of the heart.
ventricles; atria
visceral percardia; parietal pericardia
atria; ventricles
left ventricles; right ventricles
left atria; right atria
atria; ventricles
The ________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat.
sinoatrial (SA) node
autonomic nervous system
atrioventricular (AV) node
cardiac conduction system
sympathetic division of the nervous system
sinoatrial (SA) node
The ________ provides most of the Ca2+ needed for myocardial contraction.
mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
cytoskeleton
sarcoplasmic reticulum
extracellular fluid
sarcoplasmic reticulum
The amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort is the ________.
expiratory reserve volume
residual volume
vital capacity
inspiratory reserve volume
inspiratory capacity
inspiratory reserve volume
The blood transports more CO2 in the form of ________ than in any other form.
carboxyhemoglobin
dissolved CO2 gas
bisphosphocarbonate
carbaminohemoglobin
bicarbonate ions
bicarbonate ions
The chordae tendinae of the AV valves are anchored to the ________ of the ventricles.
trabeculae carnae
interventricular septum
interatrial septum
papillary muscles
pectinate muscles
papillary muscles