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bio 150 test 3 > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A foramen ovale ________.
-is a connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta in the fetus
-connects the two atria in the fetal heart
-is a shallow depression in the interventricular septum
-is a condition in which the heart valves do not completely close

A

connects the two atria in the fetal heart

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2
Q

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.
left atrium
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle

A

left atrium

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3
Q

Commotio cordis is heart failure due to a ________.
-severe electrical shock to the body
-loss of blood from an artery
-mild electrical shock to the heart itself
-relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable interval (2 ms) when the heart is repolarizing

A

relatively mild blow to the chest that occurs during a vulnerable interval (2 ms) when the heart is repolarizing

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4
Q

Compared to skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle ________.
-has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium
-has more nuclei per cell
-cells are larger than skeletal muscle cells
-lack striations

A

has gap junctions that allow it to act as a functional syncytium

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5
Q

Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block.
AV bundle
AV valves
AV node
SA node

A

AV node

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6
Q

During contraction of heart muscle cells ________.
-calcium is prevented from entering cardiac fibers that have been stimulated
-the action potential is initiated by voltage-gated slow calcium channels
-some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores
-the action potential is prevented from spreading from cell to cell by gap junctions

A

some calcium enters the cell from the extracellular space and triggers the release of larger amounts of calcium from intracellular stores

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7
Q

During the period of ventricular filling ________.
-it is represented by the P wave on the ECG
-the atria remain in diastole
-blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles
-pressure in the heart is at its peak

A

blood flows mostly passively through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles

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8
Q

Hemorrhage with a large loss of blood causes ________.
-no change in blood pressure but a slower heart rate
-a rise in blood pressure due to change in cardiac output
-no change in blood pressure but a change in respiration
-a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

A

a lowering of blood pressure due to change in cardiac output

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9
Q

If cardiac muscle is deprived of its normal blood supply, damage would primarily result from ________.
-an inadequate supply of lactic acid
-a decrease in the number of available mitochondria for energy production
-a lack of nutrients to feed into metabolic pathways
-decreased delivery of oxygen

A

decreased delivery of oxygen

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10
Q

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells, ________.
-it would be less than 1—2 m
-contractions would last as long as the refractory period
-tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart’s pumping action
-it would be much longer before cardiac cells could respond to a second stimulation

A

tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart’s pumping action

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11
Q

If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________.
-the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract
-parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate
-the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart
-the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute

A

the heart rate would increase by about 25 beats per minute

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12
Q

If we were able to artificially alter the membrane permeability of pacemaker cells so that sodium influx is more rapid, ________.
-tetanic contraction would occur due to the short absolute refractory period of cardiac muscle
-heart rate would decrease, but blood pressure would rise due to the excess sodium present
-potassium channels compensate and no change in heart rate would occur
-threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase

A

threshold is reached more quickly and heart rate would increase

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13
Q

Isovolumetric contraction ________.
-refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers
-occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close
-occurs only in people with heart valve defects
-occurs while the AV valves are open

A

refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

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14
Q

Norepinephrine acts on the heart by ________.
-decreasing heart contractility
-blocking the action of calcium
-causing threshold to be reached more quickly
-causing a decrease in stroke volume

A

causing threshold to be reached more quickly

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15
Q

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?
-closure of the heart valves
-friction of blood against the chamber walls
-opening and closing of the heart valves
-excitation of the SA node

A

closure of the heart valves

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16
Q

Select the correct statement about cardiac output.
-A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.
-If a semilunar valve were partially obstructed, the end systolic volume in the affected ventricle would be decreased.
-Stroke volume increases if end diastolic volume decreases.
-Decreased venous return will result in increased end diastolic volume.

A

A slow heart rate increases end diastolic volume, stroke volume, and force of contraction.

17
Q

Select the correct statement about the function of myocardial cells.
-Cardiac muscle cells are innervated by sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nerve fibers so that the nervous system can increase heart rate.
-The refractory period in skeletal muscle is much longer than that in cardiac muscle.
-The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.
-The influx of potassium ions from extracellular sources is the initiating event in cardiac muscle contraction.

A

The entire heart contracts as a unit or it does not contract at all.

18
Q

Select the correct statement about the heart valves.
-The mitral valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
-The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.
-The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.
-Aortic and pulmonary valves control the flow of blood into the heart.

A

The AV valves are supported by chordae tendineae so that regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction does not occur.

19
Q

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.
-The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
-The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.
-Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential.
-The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium

A

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

20
Q

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.
ventricular depolarization
ventricular repolarization
atrial depolarization
atrial repolarization

A

atrial depolarization

21
Q

The condition where fluid compresses the heart and limits its ability to contract is called ________.
angina pectoris
cardiac tamponade
pericarditis
myocardial infarction

A

cardiac tamponade

22
Q

The fact that the left ventricle of the heart is thicker than the right ventricle reveals that it ________.
-sends blood through a smaller valve
-pumps a greater volume of blood
-pumps blood against a greater resistance
-expands the thoracic cage

A

pumps blood against a greater resistance

23
Q

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to ________.
-accommodate a greater volume of blood
-pump blood with greater pressure
-pump blood through a smaller valve
-expand the thoracic cage during diastole

A

pump blood with greater pressure

24
Q

The second heart sound is heard during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
ventricular ejection
ventricular filling
isovolumetric relaxation
isovolumetric contraction

A

isovolumetric relaxation

25
Q

The source of blood carried to capillaries in the myocardium would be the ________.
coronary veins
coronary arteries
fossa ovalis
coronary sinus

A

coronary arteries

26
Q

The term for pain associated with deficient blood delivery to the heart that may be caused by the transient spasm of coronary arteries is ________.
pericarditis
ischemia
angina pectoris
myocardial infarct

A

angina pectoris

27
Q

The tricuspid valve is closed ________.
-when the ventricle is in systole
-while the ventricle is in diastole
-by the movement of blood from atrium to ventricle
-while the atrium is contracting

A

when the ventricle is in systole

28
Q

To auscultate the aortic semilunar valve, you would place your stethoscope in the ________.
-fifth right intercostal space
-fifth intercostal space inferior to the left nipple
-second intercostal space to the right of the sternum
-second intercostal space to the left of the sternum

A

second intercostal space to the right of the sternum

29
Q

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.
-locating the apex
-noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls
-finding the papillary muscles
-tracing out where the auricles connect

A

noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

30
Q

Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?
-Ventricles are in diastole.
-Ventricles are in systole.
-AV valves are closed.
-Blood enters pulmonary arteries and the aorta.

A

Ventricles are in diastole.

31
Q

Which of the following factors does not influence heart rate?
body temperature
skin color
gender
age

A

skin color

32
Q

Which of the following is not an age-related change affecting the heart?
-decline in cardiac reserve
-thinning of the valve flaps
-atherosclerosis
-fibrosis of cardiac muscle

A

thinning of the valve flaps

33
Q

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?
SA node
AV valve
AV node
bundle of His

A

AV valve

34
Q

Which of these vessels receives blood during ventricular systole?
-both the aorta and pulmonary trunk
-pulmonary veins only
-pulmonary arteries only
-aorta only

A

both the aorta and pulmonary trunk

35
Q

Which vessel(s) of the heart receive(s) blood during right ventricular systole?
pulmonary veins
pulmonary trunk
venae cavae
aorta

A

pulmonary trunk

bio 150 test 3 (6 decks)

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