Vasculature

Question 1

All arteries, veins and lymphatic channels form from?

Answer 1

mesoderm

Question 2

Extraembryonic vessels form initially from the?

Answer 2

yolk sac

Question 3

Embryonic vessels form shortly after the

Answer 3

extraembryonic vessels - vessels outside embryo from 1st - make vessels of the placenta, supplying villi

Question 4

Blood cells form from:

Answer 4

the yolk sac
later in the liver
later sources of blood cells include the
spleen, thymus and bone marrow

Question 5

At what week do pharyngeal arches form at the cranial end of the embryo and each of the arches receives a blood vessel?

Answer 5

4th and 5th week

Question 6

Is 5th aortic arch ever an answer?

Answer 6

NEVER!

Question 7

Examination of a 15-month-old female reveals a continuous machinery-sounding murmur. The murmur is heard best on the left side around the 2nd intercostal space a few centimeters lateral to the sternum.

An echocardiogram reveals blood flow from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta.

What is the diagnosis?
What aortic arch is involved?

Answer 7

Patent ductus arteriosis - failure of ductus arteriosis to close
Arch involved - 6th arch let side persists as the 1st portion of the left pulmonary a. and the ductus arteriosis

Question 8

Aortic arch left/right 4 forms the?

Answer 8

Arch of the aorta (left)

Right subclavian a. (right)

Question 9

Aortic arch left 6 forms the?

Answer 9

Ductus arteriosus and left pulmonary a.

Question 10

Why is the ductus arteriosus needed?

Answer 10

bc the lungs are not functional yet

Question 11

Arch right 6 forms the?

Answer 11

1st portion of the right pulmonary a.

Question 12

30 year old, with dysphagia, possible etiology?

Answer 12

Double aortic arch or other aberrant artery

Question 13

What are the 3 systems of veins that can be observed at week 5?

Answer 13

1. vitelline - yolk sac
2. unmilical - placenta
3. cardinal - everything else

Question 14

What is the function of the ductus venosus?

Answer 14

forces blood to bypass the sunusoids of the liver

Question 15

After birth the left umbilival v. obliterates to from the?

Answer 15

ligamentum teres hepatis (round lig. of the liver)

Question 16

After birth the ductus venosum obliterates to from the?

Answer 16

legamentum venosum

Question 17

The Supracardinal v, Subcardinal v., and Sacrocardinal v. drain what, respectively?

Answer 17

Supracardinal v. - body wall (assoc. w/ azygous v.)
Subcardinal v. - kidneys
Sacrocardinal v. - lower extremities

Question 18

Spitting up blood possible etiology?

Answer 18

double superior vena cava

Question 19

During fetal life, in which of the following structures is the percent hemoglobin/oxygen saturation level of fetal blood the lowest?
A. Ductus arteriosus
B. Left Ventricle
C. Ductus venosus
D. Umbilical vein
E. Ascending aorta

Answer 19

A (think fetal blood circulation)

Question 20

What is the function of the

1. valve of the coronary siunus?
2. valve of the IVC?

Answer 20

1. prevents backflow

2. to direct blood

Question 21

Patient presentations to think about…
Congenital lymphendema (Millroy Disease)
Cystic hygroma (
Fetal hydrops

Answer 21

be able to I.D. pictures

Question 22

Aortic arch 1 makes

Answer 22

Maxillary a.

Question 23

Aortic arch 2 makes?

Answer 23

Stapedial a.

Question 24

Aortic arch 3 forms?

Answer 24

Carotid a.

Question 25

Explain path of right and left Vagus n.

Answer 25

Vagus nerve- wonderful cranial nerve (CN X)
hangs around to make the recurrent laryngial nerve- supplies muscles of the larynx- get different relationships of recurrent nerve because the 6th aortic arch is asymmetric
recurrent goes all the way up under the right subclavian
on left side, recurrent nerve gets caught by the ductus arteriosis

Question 26

What is dysphagia lusoria?

Answer 26

dysphagia due to an aberrant right subclavian a.

Question 27

Narrowing of the aorta is called?

Answer 27

Coarchtation, limits blood to the lower extremities and cause posterior intercostal arteries to dilate and become tortuous so they erode into the ribs creating rib notching