Placenta & Fetal Membranes

Question 1

5 functions of the placenta

Answer 1

1. protection
2. nutrition
3. respiration
4. excretion
5. hormone production

Question 2

2 parts of the placent

Answer 2

1. maternal

2. fetal

Question 3

Maternal part called? is the what in pregnant women?

Answer 3

decidua 
endometrium (gets shed)

Question 4

3 parts of the decidua

Answer 4

1. decidua basalis
2. decidua capsularis
3. decidua parietalis

Question 5

Explain decidua reaction

Answer 5

w/ increasing levels of progesterone, the connective tissue cells of the decidua become enlarges and pale staining (decidua cells); the role of these cells is to protect the uterus against complete invasion off the syncytiotrophoblast

Question 6

Fetal placenta has three types of what? describe each type

Answer 6

Villi; pirmary, just cytotrophoblast
secondary, have CT
tertiary; have vessels

Question 7

Characteristics of Smooth chorion and Villus chorion

Answer 7

Smooth; no gas exchange/blood, protective only

Villus; capillary, gas exchange

Question 8

What comprises the fetomaternal junction?

Answer 8

1. chorionic villi attach to the decidua basalis via the cytotrophoblast and serves to anchor the chorionic sac
2. placental septa - projections of decidua basalis towards the chorionic plate; divide the fetal placenta into irregular areas or cotyledons

Question 9

What structure contains a stem villi and its branches?

Answer 9

cotyledons

Question 10

Layers of an Amniocentesis? GO!

Answer 10

Skin, campers, scarpas, EO, IO, TA, Transversalis fascia, Peritoneum x2, Epimetrium, Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endomedtrium, Chorion, Amnion, STOP!

Question 11

Placental circulation? GO!

Answer 11

Fetus, umbilical arteries, chorionic arteries, capillary bed, umbilical v.

Question 12

T/F Maternal circulation; the blood in the intervillous space is inside the mothers’s circulatory system

Answer 12

False; it is outside the mothers circulatory system

Question 13

T/F Adequate irrigation of chorionic villi by maternal blood is an extremely important factor in development of the fetus

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Up to 20 weeks the development of the placental membrane consists of?

Answer 14

1. Syncytiotrophoblast
2. cytotrophobloast
3. CT
4. Vasculat endothelium

Question 15

After 20 weeks of development what part of the placental membrane becomes markedly reduced?

Answer 15

cytotrophoblast

Question 16

Clinical; placenta adheres to myometrium

Answer 16

Placenta accreta

Question 17

Clinical; placenta detaches too early

Answer 17

Placental abruption

Question 18

Clinical; penetrates full thickness of myometrium and fails to seperat from the uterine wall

Answer 18

Placenta percreta

Question 19

What type of twinning? 2 eggs release, 2 sperm, 2 different people

Answer 19

dizygotic

Question 20

1 egg, 1 sperm, splits, 2 people

Answer 20

monozygotic

Question 21

In weeks 2 and 3 what transfers nutrients, plays a role in blood development, primordial gut and germ cells?

Answer 21

Yolk sac

Question 22

Blood formation, vessels persist (umbilical v. and a.) and bladder development are all functions of what?

Answer 22

Allantois

Question 23

Fetal circulation? GO!

Answer 23

Umbilical vein, ductus venosus (to bypass liver), IVC, RA, oval foramen, ductus arteriosus (if in pulmonary circulation),aorta