Reproductive System

Question 1

When does development of the repro system start? and what are the 4 stages?

Answer 1

5th week

1. sexually indifferent gonad
2. ovary/testes
3. genital ducts
4. external genitalia

Question 2

Urinary and genital systems are from what?

Answer 2

intermediate mesoderm

Question 3

Urogenital ridge is derived from? and gives rise to what?

Answer 3

intermediate mesoderm

1. Nephrogenic cord (urinary system)
2. Gonadal Ridge (genital system)

Question 4

Key outcomes of the sexually indifferent gonad? at what time? and where is its location?

Answer 4

1. gonadal ridge
2. migration of the primordial germ cells
3. primitive sex cords
   Week 5
   Along the dorsal body wall

Question 5

3 sources gonads are derived from?

Answer 5

1. Intermediate mesoderm
2. mesenchyme
3. primordial germ cells (migration from yolk sac to gonadal ridge)

Question 6

Primodrial germ cell invade the _________ during what week?

Answer 6

gonadal ridge; Week 6

Question 7

Primary germ cells are incorporated into what?

Answer 7

primitive sex cords

Question 8

The sexually different gonad form? at what time? where?

Answer 8

Testis/ovaries; week 7; dorsal body wall

Question 9

What is TDF and its function?

Answer 9

Testis Determining Factor; induces male gonadal development

Question 10

In male; Primitive sex cords become ______ and give rise to __________.

Answer 10

Testis cords; seminiferous cords

Question 11

2 things seminiferous tubules contain?

Answer 11

1. Sertoli cells (support cells from surface epithelium)

2. Spermatogonia (from PGC)

Question 12

Leydig cells produce what/when/function

Answer 12

testosterone; week 8; development of external genitalia

Question 13

NO TDF =

Answer 13

female gonadal development

Question 14

Surface epithelium proliferates to give rise to?

Answer 14

cortical cords

Question 15

What are formed by cortical cords? and do what?

Answer 15

Promordial follicles; break up into clusters and surround germ cells

Question 16

Describe the descent of the testes

Answer 16

Week 26; testes slid (retroperitoneal) from lumbar to deep inguinal ring due to intrabdominal pressure

Question 17

what anchors testes to anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 17

gubernaculum

Question 18

what is the evagination of the peritoneal cavity through the anterior abdominal wall that form the inguinal canal (testes follow this out of abdomen)

Answer 18

processus vaginalis

Question 19

Remnant of the peritoneum that gets cut off from the rest of the peritoneum?

Answer 19

tunica vaginalis

Question 20

Descent of testes associated with what 4 thing?

Answer 20

1. enlargement of testes
2. atrophy of the mesonephric kidney
3. atrophy of the paramesonephric ducts
4. enlargement of the processus vaginalis

Question 21

What does a hydrocele look like? What two layers of the spermatic cord is the fluid between?

Answer 21

Visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis (deep inguinal ring has remained open)

Question 22

Outcome of the genital ducts? Mesonephric/Paramesonephric in what sex?

Answer 22

Internal male/female genitalia
Mesonephric = Male
Paramesonephric = female

Question 23

Mesonephric Ducts secrete what 2 things? where are they from?

Answer 23

Mullerian Inhibiting Factor/Substance (from Sertili cells)

Testosterone (from Leydig cells)

Question 24

Mesonephric duct become?

Answer 24

duct of the epididymis

Question 25

Mesonephric tubules become?

Answer 25

Efferent ductules

Question 26

In the absence of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance form?

Answer 26

Paramesonephric Duct

Question 27

Vagina is formed from?

Answer 27

Paramesonephric ducts and UG Sinus

Question 28

Review of Male and Femal Genital System

Answer 28

Slides 24, 29, 40

Question 29

Uterine defects can occur when what fail to fuse?
Define; Uterus didelphys
Uterus arcuatus
Uterus bicornis

Answer 29

paramesonehric ducts
dual vagina
single paramesonephric duct forms small uterus
dual uteri

Question 30

Time and outcomes of external genitalia?

Answer 30

9-12 weeks; penis, scrotum, clitoris, labia majora

Question 31

What is abnormal urethral folds called? leads to?

Answer 31

Hypospadias; leads to urine leakage

Question 32

What decreases in size to become the clitoris? Genital swelling forms what?

Answer 32

genital tubercle

labium majus

Question 33

Glans of penis/flans of clitoris from?
Spongy urethra/frenulum and labia minora from?
Scrotum/unfused portion forms labia majora from?

Answer 33

Phallic part of UG Sinus/Genital Tubercle
Urethral Folds
Labioscrotal Swellings

Question 34

A 24 year old patient presents to the clinic with complaints of infertility. A physical examination reveals: a short blunted vagina, absence of a uterus, and the presence of two masses in the labia. A karyotype reveals 46XY. Diagnosis?

Answer 34

Androgen insensitivity syndrome; karyotype is male, testes formed but testosterone has no effect because binding is not recognized