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ABDOMINAL I21 > VASCULAR WB EX > Flashcards

VASCULAR WB EX Flashcards

1
Q

Middle layer of the vascular system; veins have thinner tunica media than arteries

A

tunica media

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2
Q

Outer layer of the vascular system, contains the vasa vasorum

A

tunica adventitia

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3
Q

Inner layer of the vascular system

A

tunica intima

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4
Q

Communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network

A

anastomosis

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5
Q

Minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems

A

capillaries

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6
Q

Arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and the small intestine

A

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

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7
Q

Vascular structures that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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8
Q

Small branch supplying the caudate and left lobes of the liver

A

left hepatic artery

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9
Q

The abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into these, which supply blood to the lower extremities

A

common iliac arteries

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10
Q

Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta, travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to supply the kidney

A

right renal artery

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11
Q

Branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum

A

gastroduodenal artery

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12
Q

Largest arterial structure in the body; arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominopelvic cavity

A

aorta

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13
Q

Arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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14
Q

Arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus

A

left gastric artery

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15
Q

Arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum

A

splenic artery

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16
Q

Arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver

A

common hepatic artery

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17
Q

Supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery

A

right hepatic artery

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18
Q

Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney

A

left renal artery

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19
Q

Supplies the stomach

A

right gastric artery

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20
Q

Drains the spleen; travels horizontally across abdomen (posterior to pancreas) to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein

A

splenic vein

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21
Q

Three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphagm

A

hepatic veins

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22
Q

Formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver

A

portal vein

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23
Q

Leaves the renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

A

right renal vein

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24
Q

Collapsible vascular structures that carry blood back to the heart

A

veins

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25
Q

Drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein

A

inferior mesenteric vein

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26
Q

Leaves the renal hilum, travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava

A

left renal vein

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27
Q

Drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine, travels vertically (anterior to the inferior vena cava) to join the splenic vein to form the portal veins

A

superior mesenteric vein

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28
Q

Largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart

A

inferior vena cava

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29
Q

Weakening of the arterial wall

A

cystic medial necrosis

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30
Q

Permanent localized dilatation of an artery, with an increase of 1.5 times its normal diameter

A

aneurysm

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31
Q

Thrombosis of the hepatic veins

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome

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32
Q

Disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls

A

arteriosclerosis

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33
Q

Circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both ends

A

Fusiform aneurysm

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34
Q

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

A

TIPS

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35
Q

Localized dilatation of the vessel

A

saccular aneurysm

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36
Q

Condition in which the aortic wall become irregular from plaque formation

A

atherosclerosis

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37
Q

Periportal collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction

A

cavernous transformation of the portal vein

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38
Q

Tear in the intima or media of the abdominal aorta

A

dissecting aneurysm

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39
Q

Communication between an artery and a vein

A

arteriovenous fistula

40
Q

Most commonly results from intrinsic liver disease; however, also results from obstruction of the portal vein, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, or prolonged congestive heart failure; may cause flow reversal to the liver, thrombosis of the portal system, or cavernous transformation of the portal vein

A

portal venous hypertension

41
Q

Pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissue abutting the punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal

A

pseudoaneurysm

42
Q

Hereditary disorder of connective tissue, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures

A

Marfan syndrome

43
Q

Permanent dilation of an artery that forms when tensile strength of the arterial wall decreases

A

true aneurysm

44
Q

Vessels that have little or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply (i.e., external carotid artery and brachial arteries)

A

resistive

45
Q

Flow toward the liver

A

hepatopetal

46
Q

Vessels that have high diastolic component and supply organs that need constant perfusion (i.e., internal carotid artery, hepatic artery, and renal artery)

A

nonresistive

47
Q

peak systole minus peak diastole divided by peak systole

A

resistive index

48
Q

Increased turbulence is seen within the spectral tracing that indicates flow disturbance

A

spectral broadening

49
Q

Flow away from the liver

A

hepatofugal

50
Q

Sonographer selects the exact site to record Doppler signals and sets the sample volume (gate) at this site

A

Doppler sample volume

51
Q

Tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels

A

vasa vasorum

52
Q

The _______________ passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas, where it joins the splenic vein to form the main portal vein.

A

superior mesenteric vein (SMV)

53
Q

The _______________ supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery and the liver.

A

right hepatic artery (RHA)

54
Q

The aorta continues to flow in the _______________ cavity anterior and slightly _______________ of the vertebral column.

A

retroperitoneal, left

55
Q

The _______________ trunk is the first anterior branch of the aorta, arising 1 to 2 cm inferior to the diaphragm.

A

celiac

56
Q

The _______________ flows from the kidney posterior to the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and anterior to the aorta to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava.

A

left renal vein

57
Q

The diameter of the abdominal aorta measures approximately _______________ cm, tapering to _______________ cm after it proceeds inferiorly to the bifurcation into the iliac arteries.

A

2-3, 10-15

58
Q

The _______________ is the second anterior branch, arising approximately 2 cm from the celiac trunk.

A

superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

59
Q

Portal veins become _______________ as they progress into the liver from the porta hepatis.

A

smaller

60
Q

The _______________ courses from the aorta posterior to the inferior vena cava (IVC) and anterior to the vertebral column in a posterior and slightly caudal direction to enter the hilum of the kidney.

A

right renal artery

61
Q

The _______________ courses along the upper border of the head of the pancreas, behind the posterior layer of the peritoneal bursa, to the upper margin of the superior part of the duodenum, which forms the lower boundary of the epiploic foramen.

A

gastroduodenal artery

62
Q

Three arterial branches arise from the superior border of the aortic arch to supply the head, neck, and upper extremities: the ______________, _______________, and _______________.

A

brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

63
Q

The _______________ is formed posterior to the pancreas by the union of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and splenic veins at the level of L2.

A

portal vein

64
Q

The _______________ artery takes a somewhat tortuous course horizontally to the left as it forms the superior border of the pancreas.

A

splenic

65
Q

The portion of the femoral artery posterior to the knee is the _______________.

A

popliteal artery

66
Q

The _______________ originate in the liver and drain into the inferior vena cava (IVC) at the level of the diaphragm.

A

hepatic veins

67
Q

List the five sections into which the aorta is divided.

A
  1. root of the aorta 2. ascending aorta 3. descending aorta 4. abdominal aorta 5. bifurcation of the aorta into iliac arteries
68
Q

List the 4 branches of the aorta that supply other visceral organs and the mesentery.

A

celiac trunk, SMA, IMA, and the renal arteries

69
Q

A flow disturbance (increased velocity or obstruction of flow) may result from the formation of an atheroma, AV fistula, _______________, or aneurysmal dilation.

A

pseudoaneurysm

70
Q

Nonresistive vessels have high _______________ component and supply organs that need constant perfusion, such as the internal carotid artery, the hepatic artery, and the renal artery.

A

diastolic

71
Q

Resistive vessels have very little or even reversed flow in diastolic and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply, such as the _______________ carotid and the iliac and brachial arteries.

A

external

72
Q

_______________ is a pattern of blood flow, typically seen in large arteries, in which most cells are moving at the same velocity across the entire diameter of the vessel. In other vessels the different velocities are the result of friction between the cells and arterial walls.

A

plug flow

73
Q

Doppler only records accurate velocity patterns when the beam is _______________ to the flow.

A

parallel

74
Q

The flow pattern of the proximal abdominal aorta above the renal arteries shows a high _______________ peak and a relatively low _______________ component.

A

systolic, diastole

75
Q

The main renal artery has a(n) _______________ impedance (nonresistive) patter with significant diastole flow - usually 30% to 50% of peak systole

A

low

76
Q

During rejection, the vascular impedence _______________, resulting in a decrease or even reversal of the diastolic flow.

A

increases

77
Q

The portal vein shows a relatively _______________ flow at low velocities, which may vary slightly with respirations.

A

continuous

78
Q

Cavernous transformation of the portal vein demonstrates _______________ collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction.

A

periportal

79
Q

With a recanalized _______________ vein, the main portal vein and the left portal vein show normal flow, but the flow in the right portal vein is reserved.

A

Umbilical

80
Q

The most common causes of aneurysms are _______________ and _______________.

A

arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis

81
Q

The large aneurysm may rupture into the peritoneal cavity or retroperitoneum, causing _______________ and a drop in _______________.

A

intense back pain, hematocrit

82
Q

The normal measurement for an adult abdominal aorta is less than 3 cm, measuring from _______________ to _______________ walls.

A

outer, outer

83
Q

Thrombus usually occurs along the _______________ or _______________ wall.

A

anterior, anterolateral

84
Q

A(n) _______________ is a pulsatile hematoma that results from the leakage of blood into the soft tissue abutting the punctured artery, with subsequent fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall defect to heal.

A

pseudoaneurysm

85
Q

In patients with right ventricular failure, the inferior vena cava does not collapse with _______________.

A

expiration

86
Q

The most common origin of pulmonary emboli is venous thrombosis from the _______________ extremities.

A

lower

87
Q

The root of the aorta arises from the _______________ outflow tract in the heart.

A

left ventricular

88
Q

which renal vessel is shown?

A

Left renal vein

89
Q
A
90
Q
A
91
Q
A
92
Q

how can the sonographer deternine that the inferior vena cava is dilated?

A

IVC measures > 2.5 cm & does not show > 50% collapse w/ expiration if it is enlarged

93
Q

pt. presents w/ pulsatile abd. mass. what does this longitudinal image of abd demonstrate?

A

large abdominal aortic aneurysm w/ thrombus along the anterior and posterior borders

the lumen is anechoic w/ thrombus along lateral and posterior borders

94
Q

clinical findings in pt w/ disecting aneurysm?

A

40-60 years old, hypertensive, usually male, usually known to have aneurysm w/ sudden excruiating chest pain radiating to back. CT usually ordered for speed

stable pt may have slow leak

disecting aneurysm usually small -US is used

95
Q

3 locations where dissection of aorta may occur

A
95
Q
A

ABDOMINAL I21 (11 decks)

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