URINARY WORKBOOK EX 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

small artery that carries blood into the glomerulus of the nephron

A

afferent arteriole

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2
Q

small arteries that lie at the bases of the renal pyramids and appear as echogenic structures

A

arcuate arteries

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3
Q

laboratory measurement of the amount of nitrogenous waste and creatinine in the blood; waste products accumulate in the blood when kidneys malfunction

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

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4
Q

the cup-shaped end of a renal tubule enclosing a glomerulus; site of filtration of the kidney; contains water, salts, glucose, urea, and amino acids

A

Bowman’s capsule

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5
Q

part of the renal collecting system adjacent to the pyramid that collects urine and is connected to the major calyx

A

calyx

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6
Q

bands of cortical tissue that separate the renal pyramids; may mimic a renal mass on sonography when prominent

A

columns of Bertin

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7
Q

refers to the outer parenchyma of the kidney that contains the renal corpuscle and proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron

A

cortex

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8
Q

a product of metabolism; laboratory test that measures the ability of the kidney to get rid of waste; waste products accumulate in the blood when the kidneys are malfunctioning

A

creatinine (Cr)

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9
Q

normal variant that occurs on the left kidney as a bulge on the lateral border

A

dromedary hump

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10
Q

small artery that carries blood from the glomerulus of the nephron and conducts blood to the peritubular capillaries that surround the renal tubule

A

efferent arteriole

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11
Q

another term for the renal fascia

A

Gerota’s fascia

The kidney is covered by the renal capsule, perirenal fat, Gerota’s fascia, and pararenal fat

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12
Q

network of capillaries that are part of the filtration process in the kidney

A

glomerulus

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13
Q

area of kidney where vessels, ureter, and lymphatics enter and exit

A

hilus

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14
Q

maintenance of normal body physiology

A

homeostasis

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15
Q

congenital malformation in which both kidneys are joined together by an isthmus, most commonly at the lower poles

A

horseshoe kidney

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16
Q

dilation of the renal collecting system

A

hydronephrosis

17
Q

portion of a renal tubule lying between the proximal and distal convoluted portions

A

loop of Henle

Reabsorption of fluid, sodium, and chloride occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle

18
Q

receive urine from the minor calyces to convey to the renal pelvis

A

major calyces (also known as the infundibula)

19
Q

the inner portion of the renal parenchyma that contains the loop of Henle

A

medulla (also known as the pyramid)

20
Q

receive urine from the renal pyramids; form the border of the renal sinus

A

minor calyces

21
Q

right posterior subhepatic space located anterior to the kidney and inferior to the liver where fluid may accumulate

A

Morison’s pouch

22
Q

functional unit of the kidney; includes a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule

A

nephron

23
Q

interruption in the normal development of the kidney resulting in absence of the kidney; may be unilateral or bilateral

A

renal agenesis

24
Q

first layer adjacent to the kidney that forms a tough, fibrous covering

A

renal capsule

25
Q

part of the nephron that consists of Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus

A

renal corpuscle

26
Q

a kidney that is not located in its usual position, usually found in the pelvic cavity

A

renal ectopia (ectopic kidney)

27
Q

area in the midportion of the kidney where the renal vessels and ureter enter and exit

A

renal hilum

28
Q

incomplete development of the kidney, usually with fewer than five calyces

A

renal hypoplasia

29
Q

area in the midportion of the kidney that collects urine before entering the ureter

A

renal pelvis

30
Q

one of several conical masses of tissue that form the kidney medulla. The base of each pyramid adjoins the kidney’s cortex; the apex terminates at a renal calyx. The pyramids consist of the loops of Henle and the collecting tubules of the nephrons

A

renal pyramid

31
Q

central area of the kidney that includes the calyces, renal pelvis, renal vessels, fat, nerves, and lymphatics

A

renal sinus

32
Q

space behind the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity

A

retroperitoneum

33
Q

laboratory tests that measure how much dissolved material is present in the urine

A

specific gravity

34
Q

retroperitoneal structures that exit the kidney to carry urine to the urinary bladder

A

ureters

35
Q

small, membranous canal that excretes urine from the urinary bladder

A

urethra

36
Q

muscular retroperitoneal organ that serves as a reservoir for urine

A

urinary bladder

37
Q

stone within the urinary system

A

urolithiasis