Vascular Plants

Question 1

When were most seedless vascular plants established by?

Answer 1

Devonian

Question 2

What are the seedless Vascular plats called?

Answer 2

Pteridophytes, with the classes Lycopsids, Spenopsids and Ferns

Question 3

When did they appear?

Answer 3

420 mya

Question 4

What distinguishes them from bryophytes?

Answer 4

Sporophyte dominant, not dependent on gametophyte, and vascular system developed.

Question 5

What did branching allow?

Answer 5

More complex bodies, greater diversity

Question 6

What happened as a result of more complexity?

Answer 6

increased competition for sunlight and space, may have driven evolution further

Question 7

What are the derived traits of vascular plants?

Answer 7

Transport in xylem and phloem
Roots
Leaves
sporophylls and spore variation

Question 8

What is the Xylem?

Answer 8

conducts water and minerals, cells are lignified

Question 9

What are tracheids?

Answer 9

Tube shaped cells that carry water and mineral up from the rooys

Question 10

What is the phloem?

Answer 10

cels arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids

Question 11

What are the advantages of lignified tissues?

Answer 11

Allow plant to grow taller, as provides support

Question 12

What are roots?

Answer 12

Lignified tissue below ground, absorb water and nutrients from the soil, anchoring plants

Question 13

What is the advantage of having leaves?

Answer 13

increase the surface area of the plant

Question 14

What is the role of the leaves?

Answer 14

Main photosynthetic organ of the plant,

Question 15

What are microphylls?

Answer 15

Small, usually spine shaped leaves supported by a single strand of vascular tissue

Question 16

What are megaphylls?

Answer 16

Leaves with highly branched vascular systems, with greater SA and productivity

Question 17

Which plants have microphylls?

Answer 17

Most of the older lineages, and all lycophytes

Question 18

What are sporophylls?

Answer 18

Modified leaves that bear sporangia

Question 19

What are the sporophyte in ferns?

Answer 19

Known as sori, usually on the underside

Question 20

What are strobili?

Answer 20

Cone like structures, the sporophytes present in many gymnosperms and lycophytes

Question 21

What are homosporous species?

Answer 21

Have one type of sporangium that produces one type of spore, develops in to a bisexual gametophyte

Question 22

What are heterosporous species?

Answer 22

Has two types of sporangia and produces two types of spores

Question 23

What are microsporangia?

Answer 23

Female, structure where megaspores are formed

Question 24

Where are female gametophytes produced?

Answer 24

In megasporangia on the megasporophylls

Question 25

Where are the male gametophytes formed?

Answer 25

In the microsporangium on the microsporophylls

Question 26

What are megaspores?

Answer 26

Develop into female gametophyte

Question 27

What are microspores?

Answer 27

Develop into male gametophyte

Question 28

Which species are generally heterosporous?

Answer 28

All seed plantsand a few seedless vascular

Question 29

What are megasporophylls?

Answer 29

bear sporangia that create female spores

Question 30

What are microsporophylls?

Answer 30

Bear sporangia that create male spores