Vascular Pathologies Flashcards
aneurysm
local dilation of an artery d/t weakening of wall
aneurysm factors
- congenital defects
- deterioration of vessel wall as a result of atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis
- trauma
- syphilis infection during later stages
syphilis
STD caused by parasite Treponema
hypertension r/t atherosclerosis
major promoter of aneurysm
how does increased BP make aneurysm worse?
- increased pressure inside artery is exerted outward against the wall => further expansion of dilated area
- periods of high stress => increased BP
- may cause aneurysms to rupture
aneurysm problems
- large aortic aneurysm
- increased risk of thrombus formation in arteries
- aneurysm of abdominal aorta
- aneurysm in cerebral circulation
large aortic aneurysm problem
=> turbulent, disrupted blood flow => decreased blood flow to tissues
increased risk of thrombus formation problem in aneurysm
=> peripheral thromboemboli
aneurysm of abdominal aorta problem
as its expanding, may compress adjacent arteries such as renal arteries along w/ negative effects like renal failure
aneurysm in cerebral circulation problem
can be fatal or lead to significant strokes
varicose veins
result of a weakness in vein walls or of defective one-way valves
where does varicose veins most commonly occur?
dependent areas of the body
- especially lower limbs or in areas where there is very little surrounding muscle mass (able to continue pumping blood through veins)
eg. superficial veins of legs, esophagus and around rectum (hemorrhoids)
varicose veins problems
- faulty or weak valves
- blood accumulation in combo w/ effects of gravity
- increased hydrostatic pressure
faulty or weak valves problem in varicose veins
=> blood accumulation over competent valves => stretching and expanding of vessel wall
blood accumulation in combo w/ effects of gravity problem in varicose veins
=> increased local hydrostatic pressure => more damage to valves
increased hydrostatic pressure problem in varicose veins
=> edema in capillaries => statis blood flow => increased risk of thrombus formation
varicose veins s/s
- enlarged, bulging purple colored vein (esp. if superficial - surface)
- aching sensation
- muscle fatigue
- edema
- discolored and shiny appearing skin (may ulcerate as it erodes d/t ischemia)
varicose veins risk factors
- genetic predisposition
- trauma
- pregnancy
- thrombophlebitis
varicose veins aggravating factors
- pregnancy
- workplace situations involving long periods of standing still
- increasing age associated w/ decreased physical activity and muscle mass
- tight restrictive clothing impeding venous blood flow
thrombophlebitis
formation of thrombus (blood clot) in vein where vessel walls are inflamed
thrombophlebitis inflammation s/s
- heat and redness in local surrounding tissues associated w/: sense of burning, itchiness, aching, tenderness
- edema as a result of increased venous pressure and upstream pain
thrombophlebitis systemic s/s
- leukocytosis
- fever
phlebothrombosis
formation of thrombus (blood clot) in vein w/o presence of inflammation
how can phlebothrombosis occur
- forms as a result of stasis of flow associated w/ immobility or CHF
- hypocoagulability as a result of dehydration or hypocalcemia
phlebothrombosis and inflammation
- inflammation may develop in vein as a result
thrombi developed in phlebothrombosis
- less integrated w/ inflammation and are less firmly attached => more likely to detach and become an emboli
phlebothrombosis clot circulation
- venous circulation
- circulates right side of heart
- pulmonary circulation
what happens to clot once it is in pulmonary circulation?
more likely to become trapped in smaller pulmonary vesells => obstruction => respiratory and cardiovascular problems
respiratory problems examples
pneumonia
pulmonary edema
cardiovascular examples
heart failure
phlebothrombosis common s/s
- sudden chest pain
- cardiogenic shock
