Review of Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

heart

A

muscular pump which moves blood to lungs and other tissue of body

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2
Q

systemic circulation

A

supplies tissue of body w/ nutrients and oxygen-rich blood

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2
Q

types of circulations

A

systemic
pulmonary

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3
Q

oxygenated blood in systemic circulation

A

returns FROM lung that is pumped FROM left ventricle THROUGH aorta and systemic arteries TO tissues where gas exchange occurs

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4
Q

deoxygenated blood in systemic circulation

A

returns TO right atrium FROM superior vena cava

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5
Q

deoxygenated blood in pulmonary circulation

A

pumped BY right ventricle THROUGH pulmonary arteries

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6
Q

what kind of blood is in capillaries of lungs?

A

blood is oxygenated

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7
Q

oxygenated blood in pulmonary circulation

A

return TO left atrium THROUGH pulmonary veins

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8
Q

cardiac perfusion

A

heart itself receives blood through coronary arteries which branches off aorta

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9
Q

when does heart receive blood

A

ONLY during relaxation d/t extreme pressure in heart during contraction

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10
Q

what does changes in pressure in heart determine?

A

determines flow of blood in heart => opening and closing of valves

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11
Q

blood moves along a what kind of pressure?

A

pressure gradient - high to low

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12
Q

what does valve contribute to

A

unidirectional flow of blood

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13
Q

diastole

A

opening av valves
closing semilunar valves

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14
Q

opening av valves (diastole)

A

blood return to heart through atria - force AV valves open

atria contract, forcing additional blood into ventricles

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15
Q

closing semilunar valves (diastole)

A

ventricular relaxation => ↓intraventicular pressure and blood flows back from arteries

16
Q

which sound does diastole do?

A

closing of semilunar valves - 2nd heart sound

17
Q

ventricular systole

A

closing av valves
opening semilunar valves

18
Q

closing av valves (systole)

A

papillary muscles contract to stabilize valves

ventricles contract, forcing blood against AV valves

19
Q

which sound does systole do?

A

av valves close - 1st heart sound

20
Q

opening semilunar valves (systole)

A

contraction of ventricles, force semilunar valves open

blood rushes into pulmonary arteries and aorta

21
Q

cardiac murmurs

A

abnormal sounds created by turbulemt blood flow in heart

22
Q

cardiac murmurs causes

A

pericardial rub, fluid overload and valve disease

23
Q

valve disorder occur most frequently where?

A

left side of heart

24
valve disorders
mitral stenosis & regurgitation aortic stenosis & regurgitation
25
mitral stenosis
narrowing of valve b/w two left heart chambers
26
mitral regurgitation
abrnomal leaking of blood backwards FROM left ventricule, THROUGH mitral valves - valve not closing properly
27
aortic stenosis
aortic valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally
28
aortic regurgitation
leaking of aortic valve of heart => blood flows in reverse direction during ventricular diastole FROM aorta INTO left ventricle
29
cardiac output
used to measure efficiency of heart to pump blood
30
cardiac output formula
CO = HR x SV
31
stroke volume
represent difference b/w amount of blood in ventricle after filling (EDV) and volume of blood remaining in a ventricle after contraction (ESV)
32
factors affecting stroke volume
preload contractility afterload
33
preload
filling of ventricles ie. venous return (affects EDV) - too little or excessive preload => ↓CO
34
what does ↑HR and filling time result to
↓EDV and preload
35
frank-starling mechanism
↑venous return stretches muscle fibers to generate more contractile force
36
contractility
contractile strength idependent of muscle stretch
37
afterload
pressure the ventricles must overcome to force semilunar valves open and eject blood into arteries
38
cardiac reserve
max % increase of CO above normal resting levels - depends on preload ie. ventricular filling, afterload ie. resistance to ejection of blood from heart, contractility and HR