Vascular imaging

Question 1

Duplex scanning

Answer 1

No ionising radiation, readily available, velocity and volume measurements, operator dependent (site/extent of obstruction)

Question 2

CT angiography

Answer 2

Readily available, assessment of aortic aneurysm, bleeding, peripheral vessels

Question 3

MR angiography

Answer 3

Non-invasive, no ionising radiation, overestimate stenosis

Question 4

MR angiography not suitable for

Answer 4

Claustrophobia, pacemakers, prostheses/metal work

Question 5

Contrast angiography

Answer 5

‘Gold standard’, invasive procedure

Question 6

Access for contrast angiography

Answer 6

Superficial artery, that is readily compressible (over a bone)

Question 7

Non-haemorrhagic embolisation

Answer 7

Chemoembolisation, selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT), uterine artery emoblisation

Question 8

Interventional radiology - vascular

Answer 8

Closing arteries that are open or opening arteries that are closed (acute/chronic ischaemia, aneurysmal disease)

Question 9

Interventional radiology - oncology

Answer 9

Chemoembolisation, thermal ablation, tumour stenting

Question 10

Treatment of ischaemic limb

Answer 10

• Thrombolysis, aspiration/thrombectomy, angioplasty - stent

- Surgical thrombectomy/embolectomy, bypass

Question 11

Thrombolysis

Answer 11

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen > plasmin

Question 12

Aneurysmal disease

Answer 12

Expansion of artery >50%

Question 13

Where do you commonly get aneurysms?

Answer 13

Thoracic/abdominal aorta, iliac, femoral, popliteal, visceral

Question 14

Screening for aneuyrsms

Answer 14

Men >60, USS

Question 15

Treatment of aneurysm

Answer 15

> 5.5cm - surgery/endovascular