Dementia (13)

Question 1

Dementia

Answer 1

Progressive, irreversible syndrome characterised by impairment of mental function

Question 2

Epidemiology

Answer 2

700,000 people affected in UK

Question 3

Neurodegenerative dementais

Answer 3

Alzheimer’s, Lewy body, Frontotemporal, Huntington’s

Question 4

Other causes of dementia

Answer 4

Vascular and Prion disease

Question 5

Vascular dementia

Answer 5

Treatment slows progression, doesn’t cure

Question 6

Prion disease dementia

Answer 6

Rare, rapid progression and untreatable

Question 7

Dementia classification subcortical

Answer 7

Apathetic, forgetful, slow, poor ability to use knowledge (PD)

Question 8

Dementia classification cortical

Answer 8

Dysphasia, agnosia, apraxia (AD)

Question 9

Dementias (clinical classification)

Answer 9

• Alzheimer’s
• Frontotemporal (behavioural/frontal variant, non-fluent progressive aphasia, semantic dementia)
• Dementia with Lewy bodies

Question 10

Movement disorders (clinical classification)

Answer 10

• PD
• Parkinson plus syndromes (progressive supra nuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration)
• Huntington’s disease
• Motor neuron disease

Question 11

Molecular- genetic classification

Answer 11

• Tauopathies
• Synucleionpathies
• Ubiquinopathies

Question 12

Tauopathies

Answer 12

• FTD and FTDP - 17
• PSP
• Corticobasal degeneration
• Alzheimer’s

Question 13

Ubiquinopathies

Answer 13

• MND and dementia

- Semantic dementia

Question 14

Synucleinopathies

Answer 14

• PD
• Dementia with Lewy Bodies
• MSA

Question 15

Normal pressure hydrocephalus triad of

Answer 15

1. Dementia
2. Gait disturbance
3. Urinary incontinence

Question 16

Two types of normal pressure hydrocephalus

Answer 16

1. With a preceding cause (SAH, meningitis, trauma, radiation-induced)
2. No preceding cause (idiopathic 50%)

Question 17

Hypoglycaemia

Answer 17

Mycoclonic jerks, EEG slow

Question 18

CJD/transmissible spongiform encephalopathies symptoms

Answer 18

Mild unsteadiness, primary ataxia, myoclonic jerks

Question 19

CJD histoloy

Answer 19

Brain looks like sponge

Question 20

CJD EEG

Answer 20

Triphasic waves

Question 21

Sporadic CJD MRI

Answer 21

Non-specific changes to basal ganglia

Question 22

Variant CJD MRI

Answer 22

‘Pulvinar sign’ abnormal posterior thalamic (specific and sensitive)

Question 23

CBD symptoms

Answer 23

Difficulty writing, speech sparse, bradykinetic, no tremor, mild rigidity, alien limb

Question 24

CBD electron microscopy

Answer 24

Phosphor-tau filaments within neutron, cytoplasmic tangles, neutrophil threads

Question 25

VGKC Ab LE

Answer 25

Limbic encephalitis due to voltage gated potassium channel antibody

Question 26

VGKC Ab LE symptoms

Answer 26

Fits, confused, ‘frontal’ effect, significant cognitive defect, subacute memory less, psychiatric/behaviour disturbances, seizures (partial), hyponatraemia

Question 27

VGKC Ab LE MRI

Answer 27

MTL high signal

Question 28

VGKC Ab LE Serum and CSF antibodies

Answer 28

To LGI1 subunit of K channel, others CASPR2

Question 29

VGKC Ab LE median age

Answer 29

65 2:1 male:female