Dementia (13) Flashcards

1
Q

Dementia

A

Progressive, irreversible syndrome characterised by impairment of mental function

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2
Q

Epidemiology

A

700,000 people affected in UK

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3
Q

Neurodegenerative dementais

A

Alzheimer’s, Lewy body, Frontotemporal, Huntington’s

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4
Q

Other causes of dementia

A

Vascular and Prion disease

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5
Q

Vascular dementia

A

Treatment slows progression, doesn’t cure

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6
Q

Prion disease dementia

A

Rare, rapid progression and untreatable

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7
Q

Dementia classification subcortical

A

Apathetic, forgetful, slow, poor ability to use knowledge (PD)

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8
Q

Dementia classification cortical

A

Dysphasia, agnosia, apraxia (AD)

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9
Q

Dementias (clinical classification)

A
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Frontotemporal (behavioural/frontal variant, non-fluent progressive aphasia, semantic dementia)
  • Dementia with Lewy bodies
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10
Q

Movement disorders (clinical classification)

A
  • PD
  • Parkinson plus syndromes (progressive supra nuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration)
  • Huntington’s disease
  • Motor neuron disease
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11
Q

Molecular- genetic classification

A
  • Tauopathies
  • Synucleionpathies
  • Ubiquinopathies
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12
Q

Tauopathies

A
  • FTD and FTDP - 17
  • PSP
  • Corticobasal degeneration
  • Alzheimer’s
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13
Q

Ubiquinopathies

A
  • MND and dementia

- Semantic dementia

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14
Q

Synucleinopathies

A
  • PD
  • Dementia with Lewy Bodies
  • MSA
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15
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus triad of

A
  1. Dementia
  2. Gait disturbance
  3. Urinary incontinence
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16
Q

Two types of normal pressure hydrocephalus

A
  1. With a preceding cause (SAH, meningitis, trauma, radiation-induced)
  2. No preceding cause (idiopathic 50%)
17
Q

Hypoglycaemia

A

Mycoclonic jerks, EEG slow

18
Q

CJD/transmissible spongiform encephalopathies symptoms

A

Mild unsteadiness, primary ataxia, myoclonic jerks

19
Q

CJD histoloy

A

Brain looks like sponge

20
Q

CJD EEG

A

Triphasic waves

21
Q

Sporadic CJD MRI

A

Non-specific changes to basal ganglia

22
Q

Variant CJD MRI

A

‘Pulvinar sign’ abnormal posterior thalamic (specific and sensitive)

23
Q

CBD symptoms

A

Difficulty writing, speech sparse, bradykinetic, no tremor, mild rigidity, alien limb

24
Q

CBD electron microscopy

A

Phosphor-tau filaments within neutron, cytoplasmic tangles, neutrophil threads

25
VGKC Ab LE
Limbic encephalitis due to voltage gated potassium channel antibody
26
VGKC Ab LE symptoms
Fits, confused, 'frontal' effect, significant cognitive defect, subacute memory less, psychiatric/behaviour disturbances, seizures (partial), hyponatraemia
27
VGKC Ab LE MRI
MTL high signal
28
VGKC Ab LE Serum and CSF antibodies
To LGI1 subunit of K channel, others CASPR2
29
VGKC Ab LE median age
65 2:1 male:female