Arthritis Flashcards
GALS
Gait, arms, legs, spine
REMS
Regional examination of the musculoskeletal system
Rheumatoid arthritis deformities
- Ulna deviation
- Boutonniere deformity
- Z-shaped thumb deformity
- Swan neck deformity
(Rhemuatoid nodules - bone prominences)
Rheumatoid arthritis usually spares?
Distal interphalangeal joints (effects MCP, PIP)
Vascular effects of rheumatoid arthritis
Vasculitis - toe median artery inflammation > gangrene, rash in armpit, red/purpley spots (venusitits)
What is osteoarthritis?
Disease of synovial joints, slow progressive destruction of articular cartilage (weight bearing joints and digits)
Components of a typical synovial joint
- Joint capsule
2. Synovial membrane
Joint capsule
Joint enclosure, reinforced by and strengthened with ligaments
Synovial membrane
Continuous sheet of connective tissue lining capsule - cells produce synovial fluid - lubricates the joint, preventing two cartilage caps rubbing together
Synovial fluid
Produced by synovial membrane, lubricates the joint, very little fluid, exists in the cavity
Hyaline cartilage
Where bones actually meet
Clinical features of osteoarthritis
- Herbeden’s nodes (DIP)
- Bouchard’s nodes (PIP)
Symmetrical/windswept position
Where does osteoarthritis commonly occur?
Fingers, big toes, knees (weight bearing joints)
Radiographic osteoarthritis
Narrowed joint space, bony spurs, subchondrial scleorsis, cyst-like
Who does osteoarthritis commonly affect?
Old women, familial, diabetics, obese
Primary osteoarthritis
Prevalence increases with age, before 45 males, after 55 females, ‘wear and tear’, not familial/type 2 collagen mutation, NO PREDISPOSING CAUSE
Secondary osteoarthritis
ASSOCIATED WITH PREDISPOSING CONDITION (congenital abnormal joint/slipped femoral epiphysis, trauma to joint, abnormal stress on a joint, previous inflammation, neuropathic joints - diabetes)
Psoriatic arthritis often effects where?
Elbows, knees, bottom, back
Is psoriatic arthritis asymmetrical or symmetrical?
Asymmetrical
Clinical features of psoriatic arthritis
Shortening of digits (telescoping - restore), phalanges destroyed, any joint in hand, dacytilysis, sausage digit
Pseudo gout
Crystal different calcium pyrophosphate
