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Vascular II & Physics II > Vascular Final > Flashcards

Vascular Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the layers of the vessel

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

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2
Q

3 branches of aortic arch and location

A

lt subclavian, lt common carotid, rt brachiocephalic

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3
Q

What vessel forms the DPA at the ankle

A

ATA

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4
Q

T/F. Low resistance vessels have continuous forward flow

A

false, antegrade/forward through entire cardiac cycle

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5
Q

What is Reynold’s number used to measure

A

turbulent flow

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6
Q

What chamber of the heart is used in reference to hydrostatic pressure

A

right atrium

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7
Q

What shape is the vessel with low transluminal pressure

A

eliptical/dumbbell

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8
Q

During thrombosis, what is the flow when leg pressure exceeds intra-abdominal pressure

A

continuous signal

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9
Q

What is the pressure when arms are raised above the head

A

negative/reduced pressure

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10
Q

MHz and probe for carotid

A

linear, 7-4 MHz

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11
Q

What is temporal tap used for and where is the tap performed

A

ECA, superficial temporal artery anterior to the ear

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12
Q

What is the time for RIND (reversible ischemia neurological deficit

A

24-72 hours

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13
Q

What does reverberation of IJV look like on 2D carotid exam

A

mobile white line echo

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14
Q

How would you evaluate for string flow (occlusion/little flow)

A

power doppler for distal flow

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15
Q

For string flow, what would you do for scale? Doppler gain?

A

decrease, increase

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16
Q

What part of a tortuous vessel should not be sampled

A

curves

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17
Q

Where is carotid body found? What’s the size?

A

bifurcation at adventitia, 1-1.5mm

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18
Q

What causes a PSA (pseudo aneurysm)

A

penetrating trauma, itragenic injury, surgery, illness

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19
Q

What is the color pattern with PSA

A

red & blue (yin yang) turbulent flow

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20
Q

What causes onset of blindness in an older patient

A

temporal arteritis/giant cell

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21
Q

How does a surgical patch prevent stenosis

A

it opens the vessel

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22
Q

In a vessel with a stent, what is the velocity and why

A

increased, reduced arterial compliance

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23
Q

What artery is formed by the 2 vertebrals

A

basilar

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24
Q

What do you do to the power for transorbital exam and why

A

decrease to limit exposure to the eye

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25
Q

What are HITS

A

microembolic signals

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26
Q

What are signs of peripheral arterial disease

A

intermittent claudication, discolored skin, thickening toenails, gangrene

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27
Q

What happens to blood pressure when cuff is too narrow

A

falsely elevated

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28
Q

How do you calculate ABI

A

ankle systolic pressure divided by highest brachial systolic pressures

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29
Q

What flow should be occluded with plethsmography exam

A

venous is restricted, not arterial

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30
Q

What is the flow for normal plethymography (digit)

A

rapid upstroke with well defined peak, dicrotic notch, bends toward baseline through diastole

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31
Q

How much do you inflate a cuff

A

20mmHg above point where signal disappears

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32
Q

What artery doesn’t compress

A

peroneals

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33
Q

Would a long plane ride affect veins or arteries

A

veins

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34
Q

Color pattern for raynauds disease

A

white to blue to red

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35
Q

What does Beurgers disease affect

A

small vessels of the hands and feet

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36
Q

What vessels are used for bypass

A

GSV, SSV, cephalic v

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37
Q

After bypass, what symptoms would we look for

A

swelling, redness, warmth, drainage, fever, pain/numbness

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38
Q

Procedures to open vessels back up

A

percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

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39
Q

Most common vascular procedure

A

percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

40
Q

Most common reason for in stent restenosis

A

intimal hyperplasia

41
Q

How to calculate VR (velocity ration) for stenosis

A

PSV at stenosis divided by PSV prox to stenosis

42
Q

Would thrombus/occlusion show on an exam after intervention

A

yes, re-intervention within 1st year

43
Q

What are endovascular treatments

A

procedured to open vessels back up (PTA)

44
Q

If a patient had peripheral vascular disease and they came in for ABI, what should ABI do

A

increase greater than >0.15

45
Q

Thromboangitis obliterans affects which vessels and leads to what

A

small and medium, ischemic digits

46
Q

Define pseudoaneurysm

A

Perforation in arterial wall allowing blood to extravascate into surrounding tissue, pulsating encapsulated hematoma

47
Q

Is a palpable thrill assosciated with an AV fistula

A

yes

48
Q

Can you determine actual age of clot

A

no, just an estimate

49
Q

Is SSV deep or superficial

A

superficial

50
Q

What type of vessel is the ATV and where is it located

A

deep vein, calf

51
Q

Do superficial veins help with temperature regulation

A

yes

52
Q

Where is clot more at risk

A

deep/larger veins, risk of pulmonary embolism

53
Q

Common flow of venous system

A

spontaneous, phasic, pulsatile near heart

54
Q

Are normal veins pulsatile

A

yes, near the heart

55
Q

What is the main cause for clot in upper extremity

A

injury to vessel wall

56
Q

What does the cephalic terminate into

A

axillary

57
Q

Differences of veins from arteries

A

thin/smooth walls, respiratory phasicity, compressible, anechoic

58
Q

Does hyrdrostatic pressure affect the subclavian vein

A

yes, when supine, it removes the impact of hydrostatic pressure which tends to collapse veins

59
Q

How do we treat veins with clot

A

anticoagulants, thrombolytic therapy

60
Q

Which upper extremity veins show pulsatile flow

A

IJV, subclavian, brachiocephalic

61
Q

Brachial + basilic=

A

axillary

62
Q

Is a normal GSV pulsatile

A

no

63
Q

What is the flow in the GSV with clot

A

continuous

64
Q

Varicosities are

A

tortuous, dilated, superficial

65
Q

What is the saphenofemoral junction

A

CFV and GSV

66
Q

venous valves

A

bicuspid, go in direction of flow

67
Q

How is superficial venous disease treated

A

stripping/ligation, endovenous thermal ablation, chemical ablation (sclerotherapy), phlebectomy (microincision)

68
Q

Flow in incompetent valves

A

retrograde

69
Q

Fibrous strands are seen with

A

chronic venous obstruction

70
Q

What is the most common risk with aortic endovascular repair (EVAR)

A

PSA, hematoma, stenosis

71
Q

What is an endoleak

A

flow present within aneurysm sac after intervention (4 types)

72
Q

What does clot look like in 2D

A

calcifications, rigid

73
Q

Where do you scan aorta/renal arteries for an aneurysm

A

infrarenal (distal aorta)

74
Q

When measuring the aorta, how should the transducer lay in relation to the aorta

A

perpendicular

75
Q

Color flow imaging is helpful in what ways

A

presence/absence of flow, direction, patency

76
Q

How do saccular aneurysms appear sonographically and which vessel layers are involved

A

asymmetric outpouching dilations, all 3 layers

77
Q

Where does FMD occur in relation to renal arteries

A

mid-to-distal segment

78
Q

What are the signs for renal artery stenosis

A

renal insufficiency, chronic hypertension, hypertensive children, azotemia

79
Q

When measuring the kidneys what size difference indicates a discrepancy and what does this indicate

A

> 3cm, compromised flow in smaller kidney

80
Q

FMD sonographic appearance

A

string of beads

81
Q

What would happen to flow in stented renal artery and why

A

increase, reduction in arterial compliance

82
Q

Normal characteristics of IVC

A

thin, smooth, phasic, dilates, echogenic/muscular walls

83
Q

Where do IVC/iliac vein tumors arise from

A

hepatic/renal veins

84
Q

IVC filter for clot is most likely to be placed

A

distal to renal veins, right renal vein/IVC

85
Q

Dialysis access grafts are placed where. Why

A

distal, preserve proximal portion for future use

86
Q

Earliest exam for contrast and what kind of contrast

A

echocardiography, agitated saline

87
Q

What vessels should be calculated for ABI

A

bilateral brachial, PTA, DPA

88
Q

Normal spectral waveform in an upper extremity artery

A

triphasic, sharp systolic peak, brief period of diastolic flow reversal, minimal continued forward flow in diastole

89
Q

Landmark to distinguish the axillary vein from subclavian vein

A

cephalic vein because it terminates into subclavian after it passes under the clavicle

90
Q

What does egyptian eye refer to

A

GSV in saphenous compartment

91
Q

Characteristics of flow-reducing renal artery stenosis

A

PSV increases above 180 cm/sec, post stenotic turbulence, dampened distal waveforms

92
Q

Lateral tributaries of the IVC

A

renal veins

93
Q

Normal venous doppler patterns of the IVC

A

phasic distal, pulsatile more proximal

94
Q

Harmonic frequency definition

A

creation of an image from sound reflections at twice the frequency of the transmitted sound

95
Q

Harmonic signal-to-noise ratio

A

increases signal-to-noise ratio

Vascular II & Physics II (21 decks)

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