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Vascular II & Physics II > Physics Ch. 18 > Flashcards

Physics Ch. 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Study of blood moving through the circulatory system

A

hemodynamics

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2
Q

Flow (volume flow rate) indicates the _____ of blood moving _______

A

volume, during a particular time

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3
Q

Indicates speed of a fluid moving from one location to another

A

velocity

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4
Q

What are the 3 forms of blood flow

A

pulsatile, phasic, steady

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5
Q

Occurs when blood moves with variable velocity

A

Pulsatile

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6
Q

In pulsatile flow, blood accelerates and decelerates as a result of

A

cardiac contraction

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7
Q

Pulsatile flow commonly appears in

A

arterial circulation

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8
Q

Occurs when blood moves at a variable velocity

A

phasic

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9
Q

In phasic flow, blood accelerates and decelerates as a result of

A

respiration

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10
Q

Phasic flow commonly appears in

A

venous circulation

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11
Q

Occurs when a fluid moves at a constant speed or velocity

A

steady

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12
Q

Steady flow is present in venous circulation with

A

helps inspiration or held expiration

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13
Q

Occurs when the flow streamlines are aligned and parallel

A

laminar flow

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14
Q

Laminar flow is characterized by _____ of blood that travel at

A

layers, individual speeds

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15
Q

Laminar flow is

A

silent

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16
Q

All the layers and blood cells travel at the same velocity

A

plug flow

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17
Q

Bullet-shaped- velocity is highest in the center of the lumen and gradually decreases as it gets closer to the vessel wall

A

parabolic flow

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18
Q

Characterized by chaotic flow patterns in many different directions and at many velocities, streamlines are often obliterated

A

turbulent flow

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19
Q

Turbulent flow creates swirling pattern. These are called

A

eddy currents

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20
Q

Turbulent flow is associated with _____ pathology and elevated/increased blood velocities

A

cardiovascular

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21
Q

Sound associated with turbulence is called

A

murmur or bruit

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22
Q

Tissue vibration associated with turbulent flow is called a

A

thrill (palpable murmur)

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23
Q

Predicts whether flow is laminar or turbulent, unitless number

A

reynolds number

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24
Q

Reynolds number is less than 1500

A

laminar flow

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25
Q

Reynolds number is greater than 2000

A

turbulent flow

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26
Q

Blood moves from regions of _______ to _______. What is this called

A

higher energy to lower energy, energy gradient

27
Q

What provides energy to blood

A

the contraction of the heart in systole

28
Q

What are the 3 forms of energy

A

kinetic, pressure, gravitational

29
Q

Total energy at a specific location within the circulation is the

A

sum of all 3 energy forms

30
Q

Associated with a moving object

A

kinetic energy

31
Q

What is kinetic energy determined by

A

objects mass, speed at which it moves

32
Q

Stored or potential energy, major form of energy for circulating blood and creates flow by overcoming _____

A

pressure energy, resistance

33
Q

Associated with any elevated object, also a form of stored or potential energy

A

gravitational energy

34
Q

3 energy losses in circulation

A

viscous loss, frictional loss and inertial loss

35
Q

Describes the thickness of a fluid

A

viscosity

36
Q

More energy is lost with movement of ______ viscosity fluids

A

high

37
Q

Viscosity is measured in units of

A

poise

38
Q

Viscous energy loss in blood is determined by the

A

hematocrit

39
Q

Losses that occur when flow energy is converted to heat as an object rubs against the other

A

frictional

40
Q

Blood sliding across a vessel wall creates

A

heat

41
Q

Relates to the tendency of a fluid to resist changes in its velocity

A

inertia

42
Q

Inertial energy loss occurs during what 3 events

A

pulsatile, phasic, stenosis

43
Q

Pulsatile flow happens during _____ circulation

A

arterial

44
Q

Phasic flow happens during ______ circulation

A

venous

45
Q

Velocity change at a narrowing in the lumen of a vessel

A

stenosis

46
Q

Effects a stenosis has on blood flow

A

changes in direction, increase in velocity, post stenotic turbulence, pressure gradient

47
Q

Pressure downstream from the stenosis (after) is _____ than the pressure upstream (before)

A

lower

48
Q

Describes the relationship between velocity and pressure in a moving fluid

A

bernoulli’s principle

49
Q

Bernoulli’s principle is derived from the principle of

A

conservation of energy

50
Q

The principle states, with a STEADY flow, the _______ forms of energy is the same everywhere

A

the sum of all

51
Q

States energy is neither created nor destroyed, but simply converted from one form to another

A

law of conservation of energy

52
Q

Veins have ____ walls and are ______

A

thin, collapsible

53
Q

During normal functions, veins have ____ pressure and only partially expand

A

low

54
Q

During exercise, the pressure ____ in the veins and they appear more round

A

increases

55
Q

Veins can accommodate large volume increases with

A

small pressure increases

56
Q

Pressure related to the weight of blood pressing on a vessel measured at the height above or below heart level

A

hydrostatic pressure

57
Q

If blood measurement is made at the level of the heart, the hydrostatic pressure is ____ and _____

A

0mmHg, no error in measurement

58
Q

If the blood pressure measurement is made _____ the level of the heart, the measured blood pressure is erroneously high

A

below

59
Q

If the blood pressure measurement is made ____ the level of the heart, the measured blood pressure is erroneously low

A

above

60
Q

During inspiration, the diaphragm moves ______, the chest cavity _____ and there is a _____ in chest pressure, abdominal pressure _____, venous return to the heart ______, venous flow in the legs ______

A

downward, expands, decrease, increases, increases, decreases

61
Q

During expiration, the diaphragm moves _____, chest pressure ______, abdominal cavity pressure _____, venous return to the heart _____ and venous flow in the legs ______

A

upward, increases, decreases, decreases, increases

62
Q

Measured pressure is the sum of

A

hydrostatic pressure and circulatory pressure (bp)

63
Q

Normally what happens to venous flow in the legs during inspiration

A

venous flow in legs decreases

64
Q

What does not happen during expiration

A

abdominal pressure increase

Vascular II & Physics II (21 decks)

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