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Vascular II & Physics II > Vascular Ch. 6 & 26 > Flashcards

Vascular Ch. 6 & 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

Veins are capacitance vessels of the body, the venous system holds about _____ of total blood volume or _____

A

two-thirds, 60-65%

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2
Q

What is the reference point in the body

A

right atrium

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3
Q

Hydrostatic pressure=

A

p x g x h

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4
Q

p= / g= / h=

A

blood density, acceleration due to gravity, height of column of blood

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5
Q

Hydrostatic pressure is _____ in an ______ arm

A

reduced, uplifted

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6
Q

Hydrostatic pressure is ______ than _____ in leg veins

A

greater, dynamic pressure

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7
Q

When lying flat, hydrostatic pressure is

A

negligible

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8
Q

Changes in vein shape are associated with

A

large increases in venous volume

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9
Q

What helps reduce venous volume

A

compression stockings

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10
Q

What do compression socks decrease

A

transluminal pressure, venous volume

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11
Q

Standing increases capillary pressure, calf muscle pump _____ veins & _______ venous pressure

A

empties, decreases

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12
Q

What can reduce intracapillary pressure and limit edema

A

compression stockings

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13
Q

During inspiration (3)

A

diaphragm descends, IVC collapses, venous return from the legs is impeded

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14
Q

During expiration (2)

A

intra-abdominal pressure decreases, flow increases to lower extremities

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15
Q

During thrombosis, variations in abdominal pressure with respiration have ____ effect of ______ from legs

A

little effect, pressure gradient

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16
Q

During thrombosis, normal phasic venous flow from _____ extremities may be _____

A

lower, reduced/absent

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17
Q

During thrombosis, venous flow from legs becomes ______ as venous pressure in legs EXCEEDS _____

A

continuous, intra-abdominal venous pressures

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18
Q

During exercise, calf muscle pump (3)

A

aids return of blood to heart against hydrostatic pressure / upon contraction, forces blood up to the heart / upon relaxation, blood drawn into calf veins/sinuses

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19
Q

During exercise, valves are essential in

A

helping calf pump whether patient is sitting or standig

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20
Q

What are primary varicose veins

A

varicose veins that develop in the absence of DVT

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21
Q

Secondary varicose veins flow patterns are _____ & ____ flow in _______

A

completely disrupted, bidirectional, perforators

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22
Q

With secondary varicose veins, _______venous pressure is noted ____ system

A

increased, throughout

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23
Q

What happens as a result from venous stasis ulcers

A

tissue damage and ulceration

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24
Q

With venous stasis ulcers, ______ oxygen transfer at the _____ level leads to ____

A

decreased, capillary, ischemia and ulceration

25
Q

Pregnancy _______ cause varicose veins, ____ and ______ can magnify predisposing factors

A

does not, increased venous pressure and distention

26
Q

During pregnancy, what causes the veins to be more compliant

A

humoral factors circulating (hormones)

27
Q

What impacts the diameter of the IVC

A

hydration

28
Q

Absence of ______ means blood from _____ is returned to the heart via the _____

A

intra-hepatic portion, lower extremity, azygous vein

29
Q

Applying pressure with the probe may allow better ______ and _______

A

visualizations of vessels, disperse bowel gas

30
Q

What can be used as a landmark for IVC confluence and is located where

A

inferior pole of right kidney, medial & inferior

31
Q

Normal IVC and iliac veins have

A

echogenic, muscular walls

32
Q

Grayscale image evaluated for

A

thrombosis, intraluminal tumors, extrinsic compression

33
Q

Echogenicity of thrombus ______ as it _______

A

increases, ages

34
Q

Acute thrombosis may be

A

anechoic and poorly detectable on gray scale

35
Q

Neoplastic obstruction intraluminal tumor usually arise from

A

hepatic or renal veins

36
Q

What is shown within a mass and what are apparent with neoplastic obstruction intraluminal tumor? Primarily seen only with ______

A

color flow with small vessels, intravascular tumors

37
Q

Neoplastic obstruction extrinsic mass is most likely

A

distention of IVC and iliac veins

38
Q

IVC interruption is typically placed

A

distal to the renal veins

39
Q

IVC interruption device used to protect patients from _____ and from lower extremity _____

A

pulmonary embolism, DVT

40
Q

IVC interruption device consists of ____ joined at one end & is what shape

A

thin metal struts, cone-shaped

41
Q

What may happen when strut perforates IVC wall

A

hematoma

42
Q

In caval fistulas, aortocaval you will see ____ and _____

A

tissue bruit, pulsatile flow central to the fistula

43
Q

What is noticed in IVC closer to the heart

A

increased pulsatility

44
Q

In the IVC, what may cause an increase in cardiac pulsatility

A

severe fluid overload

45
Q

What is the May- Thurner syndrome and generic name

A

when left CIV is compressed between overlying right CIA and underlying vertebral body, iliac vein compression syndrome

46
Q

For IVC filter procedure, what can move procedure to the bedside

A

ultrasound

47
Q

Duplex US does not require _____ or _____

A

exposure to radiation, intravenous contrast

48
Q

Delivery of catheter tip should be identified and advanced so tip is just

A

below level of right renal artery

49
Q

During procedure, transverse image should be obtained to

A

confirm filter is completely expanded

50
Q

What scan plane is used for IVC filter placement

A

transverse

51
Q

IVUS requires pressure to disperse bowel gas (INSIDE VESSEL) T/F

A

false

52
Q

Flow pattern near iliacs is

A

more phasic

53
Q

Fistula is hard to see on US. T/F

A

false

54
Q

What are the lateral tributary veins to IVC

A

renal veins

55
Q

Hydrostatic pressure of arms above head is

A

negative

56
Q

Hydrostatic pressure= (words)

A

density x acceleration x height

57
Q

Continuous flow lower extremity with no response to respiration is

A

thrombosis prox to thrombus

58
Q

Residual venous thrombosis may result in

A

superficial veins acting as a collateral pathway

Vascular II & Physics II (21 decks)

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