Vascular Ch. 6 & 26 Flashcards
Veins are capacitance vessels of the body, the venous system holds about _____ of total blood volume or _____
two-thirds, 60-65%
What is the reference point in the body
right atrium
Hydrostatic pressure=
p x g x h
p= / g= / h=
blood density, acceleration due to gravity, height of column of blood
Hydrostatic pressure is _____ in an ______ arm
reduced, uplifted
Hydrostatic pressure is ______ than _____ in leg veins
greater, dynamic pressure
When lying flat, hydrostatic pressure is
negligible
Changes in vein shape are associated with
large increases in venous volume
What helps reduce venous volume
compression stockings
What do compression socks decrease
transluminal pressure, venous volume
Standing increases capillary pressure, calf muscle pump _____ veins & _______ venous pressure
empties, decreases
What can reduce intracapillary pressure and limit edema
compression stockings
During inspiration (3)
diaphragm descends, IVC collapses, venous return from the legs is impeded
During expiration (2)
intra-abdominal pressure decreases, flow increases to lower extremities
During thrombosis, variations in abdominal pressure with respiration have ____ effect of ______ from legs
little effect, pressure gradient
During thrombosis, normal phasic venous flow from _____ extremities may be _____
lower, reduced/absent
During thrombosis, venous flow from legs becomes ______ as venous pressure in legs EXCEEDS _____
continuous, intra-abdominal venous pressures
During exercise, calf muscle pump (3)
aids return of blood to heart against hydrostatic pressure / upon contraction, forces blood up to the heart / upon relaxation, blood drawn into calf veins/sinuses
During exercise, valves are essential in
helping calf pump whether patient is sitting or standig
What are primary varicose veins
varicose veins that develop in the absence of DVT
Secondary varicose veins flow patterns are _____ & ____ flow in _______
completely disrupted, bidirectional, perforators
With secondary varicose veins, _______venous pressure is noted ____ system
increased, throughout
What happens as a result from venous stasis ulcers
tissue damage and ulceration
With venous stasis ulcers, ______ oxygen transfer at the _____ level leads to ____
decreased, capillary, ischemia and ulceration
Pregnancy _______ cause varicose veins, ____ and ______ can magnify predisposing factors
does not, increased venous pressure and distention
During pregnancy, what causes the veins to be more compliant
humoral factors circulating (hormones)
What impacts the diameter of the IVC
hydration
Absence of ______ means blood from _____ is returned to the heart via the _____
intra-hepatic portion, lower extremity, azygous vein
Applying pressure with the probe may allow better ______ and _______
visualizations of vessels, disperse bowel gas
What can be used as a landmark for IVC confluence and is located where
inferior pole of right kidney, medial & inferior
Normal IVC and iliac veins have
echogenic, muscular walls
Grayscale image evaluated for
thrombosis, intraluminal tumors, extrinsic compression
Echogenicity of thrombus ______ as it _______
increases, ages
Acute thrombosis may be
anechoic and poorly detectable on gray scale
Neoplastic obstruction intraluminal tumor usually arise from
hepatic or renal veins
What is shown within a mass and what are apparent with neoplastic obstruction intraluminal tumor? Primarily seen only with ______
color flow with small vessels, intravascular tumors
Neoplastic obstruction extrinsic mass is most likely
distention of IVC and iliac veins
IVC interruption is typically placed
distal to the renal veins
IVC interruption device used to protect patients from _____ and from lower extremity _____
pulmonary embolism, DVT
IVC interruption device consists of ____ joined at one end & is what shape
thin metal struts, cone-shaped
What may happen when strut perforates IVC wall
hematoma
In caval fistulas, aortocaval you will see ____ and _____
tissue bruit, pulsatile flow central to the fistula
What is noticed in IVC closer to the heart
increased pulsatility
In the IVC, what may cause an increase in cardiac pulsatility
severe fluid overload
What is the May- Thurner syndrome and generic name
when left CIV is compressed between overlying right CIA and underlying vertebral body, iliac vein compression syndrome
For IVC filter procedure, what can move procedure to the bedside
ultrasound
Duplex US does not require _____ or _____
exposure to radiation, intravenous contrast
Delivery of catheter tip should be identified and advanced so tip is just
below level of right renal artery
During procedure, transverse image should be obtained to
confirm filter is completely expanded
What scan plane is used for IVC filter placement
transverse
IVUS requires pressure to disperse bowel gas (INSIDE VESSEL) T/F
false
Flow pattern near iliacs is
more phasic
Fistula is hard to see on US. T/F
false
What are the lateral tributary veins to IVC
renal veins
Hydrostatic pressure of arms above head is
negative
Hydrostatic pressure= (words)
density x acceleration x height
Continuous flow lower extremity with no response to respiration is
thrombosis prox to thrombus
Residual venous thrombosis may result in
superficial veins acting as a collateral pathway
