Vascular Ch. 17 Flashcards
Duplex ultrasound can be used to diagnose, localize and estimate age of thrombus. What can not be determined
exact age
Thrombus in deep system is usually ____ than in the superficial system and is more likely to be ______
larger, life-threatening pulmonary embolism PE
What plays a major role in regulating body temperature
superficial veins
______ of patients with DVT may develop symptoms of post-thrombotic syndrome
30%
Represents primary mechanism for formation of venous thrombosis
virchow’s triad
Virchow’s triad includes
venous stasis, vessel wall injury and hypercoagulable state
Formation of thrombosis is determined by
imbalance of clotting factors, coagulation inhibitors and fibrinolytic system
Hypercoagulability is associated with various diseases ______, or medications such as _______ or ______
cancer, birth control pills, hormone replacement therapy
Bed should be tilted in reversed
trendelenberg position
May require _____ transducer pressure to _____
increased, compress
Imaging or _____ is not included in most protocols as ______ is rare
ATV, thrombosis
Why is thrombosis in ATV rare
they do not communicate with the soleal sinus veins
Major storage area for blood in the calf
soleal sinus veins
What flow at CFV suggests lack of obstruction
phasic
What does continuous flow doppler signal suggest in the CFV
IVC or iliac obstruction
Duplex imaging cannot determine _____ but can characterize as ____ or ______
exact age, chronic, acute
Acute thrombosis is _____ echogenic or _____ thrombus
lightly, hypoechoic
Acute thrombus is _____ to vessel wall
poorly attached
Acute thrombus is the _____ of the thrombus
spongy
Acute thrombus, dilated vein (when totally obstructed) due to ______
increased venous pressure
Chronic thrombus is ____ echogenic or _____ thrombus
brightly, hyperechoic
Chronic thrombus is _____ to vessel wall
well attached
Chronic thrombus has a _____ texture
rigid
In chronic thrombus, contract vein (if totally obstructed) will appear
contracted
Chronic thrombus has large
collaterals
In a thrombosed vein, continuous flow indicates
more proximal obstruction
Spectral doppler wf from a CFA vein with thrombus will illustrate a
abnormal continuous pattern
Pulsatile flow with spectral doppler is abnormal and is associated with
arteriovenous fistulae
Left common iliac compression (and potentially thrombosis) by the right common iliac artery
May-Thurner syndrome
Extensive iliofemoral DVT that causes marked swelling of lower extremity with pain, pitting edema and blanching
phlegmasia alba dolens
Phlegmasia alba dolens is also called
milk leg or white leg
Signs of phlegmasia alba dolens
pain, pitting edema and blanching
Extension of phlegmasia alba dolens, causes even more massive swelling, more severe pain and cyanosis of the limb
phlegmasia cerulea dolens
With phlegmasia cerulea dolens, venous outflow is
completely obstructed
Phlegmasia cerulea dolens may result in
arterial insufficiency and venous gangrene
Main conduits for blood returning to heart
deep veins
Accompany artery of the same name
deep veins
Higher risk for embolism due to squeezing action of surrounding muscles
deep veins
Travel lose to skin surface
superficial veins
Smaller than deeper veins
superficial veins
What do perforators do
connect deep and superficial veins
Well’s criteria is a
point system for severity
