Vascular Distensibility and Function or Arterial and Venous System

Question 1

T/F All blood vessels are distensible (stretchy)

Answer 1

True.

• Accommodate pulsatile cardiac output
• Smooth continuous flow to tissues
• Veins as reservoirs

Question 2

The most distensible blood vessel

Answer 2

Veins

Question 3

Due to high distensibility of veins:

Answer 3

They can act as reservoirs of blood.

Slight increase in venous pressure yields higher volume of blood veins hold.

Question 4

What does compliance mean?

Answer 4

Total quantity of blood that can be stored during circulation for each mmHg pressure rise.

Compliance=distensibilityXvolume

Question 5

Volume-Pressure curves of arterial and venous circulations

Answer 5

Arterial=Small increase in volume=high increase in pressure (due to low compliance)
Venouse=Large change in volume=small change in pressure (due to high compliance)

Question 6

Sympathetic Stimulation and Inhibition on Volume-Pressure relationship of Arterial/Venous System

Answer 6

• Stimulation:Increase pressure of arteries and veins

- Inhibition:Decrease pressure of arteries and veins

Question 7

Physiologic factors of arterial pressure

Answer 7

• Cardiac output (HR X Stroke volume

- Peripheral resistance

Question 8

Physical factors of arterial pressure

Answer 8

Arterial blood volume

Arterial compliance

Question 9

Arterial pressure is

Answer 9

Cardiac outputXperipheral resistance

Question 10

Two ways to increase arterial pressure

Answer 10

Pump more blood towards arterial system

Not let as much blood leave arterial system

Question 11

2 Major factors that affect pulse pressure

Answer 11

• Stroke volume of heart

- Compliance (total distensibility) of arterials

Question 12

What is pulse pressure

Answer 12

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 13

The less compliant the arterial system is has what affect in pressure?

Answer 13

The greater rise in pressure for stroke volume of blood pumped into arteries.

Question 14

Aortic valve stenosis pressure pulse

Answer 14

Aortic pressure is decreased due to diminished blood flow outwards through stenotic valve.

Question 15

Patent ductus arteriosus pressure pulse

Answer 15

Blood pumped into aorta (from L ventricle) flows backward through ductus that connects to pulmonary artery and lung vessels. Diastolic pressure falls very low. Strong pulse

Question 16

Aortic regurgitation pressure pulse

Answer 16

Aortic valve doesn’t close properly. After each heartbeat the blood that had just been pumped into aorta flows back into L ventricle. Aortic pressure can fall all the way to zero between heartbeats.