Vascular Diseases Associated with Hematuria

Question 1

Vascular Diseases Associated with Hematuria causes ….?

Answer 1

Hemangiomas, hemangiolymphangiomas, angiomyomas, and arterio venous malformations of the kidneys and lower urinary tract

Question 2

Which is the most common benign solid tumors of the kidney … ?

Answer 2

Angiomyolipomas

Composed of vascular, smooth muscle, and fatty tissue elements.

They can rupture on occasion to cause severe hemorrhage.

Angiomyolipomas are an important component of the tuberous sclerosis complex

Question 3

What is nutcracker syndrome ….?

Answer 3

Unilateral bleeding of varicose veins of the left ureter, resulting from compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mes enteric artery (mesoaortic compression)

Question 4

What r the causes of RVT in older children ….?

Answer 4

Nephrotic syndrome, 
cyanotic heart disease, 
inherited hypercoagulable states, 
sepsis, 
following kidney transplantation, and 
following exposure to angiographic contrast agents

Question 5

Bilateral RVT seen in …?

Answer 5

AKI

• RVT is usually unilateral *

Question 6

RCC is more common in SSD or SST ….?

Answer 6

renal cell carcinoma, which is more common in sickle cell trait.

Question 7

Why sickle cell nephropathy (SSN) develops …? sickle cell nephropathy (SSN)

Answer 7

sickle cell nephropathy (SSN) are gener ally related to microthrombosis secondary to sickling in the relatively hypoxic, acidic, hypertonic renal medulla, where vascular stasis is normally present

Question 8

Idiopathic hypercalciuria how it will present clinically ….?

Answer 8

Idiopathic hypercalciuria, which may be inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder,

can clinically present as recurrent gross hematuria persistent microscopic hematuria, dysuria, crystalluria, or abdominal pain with or without kidney stone formation

Question 9

Others conditions associated with hypercalciurea …?

Answer 9

hyperpara thyroidism

vitamin D intoxication,

immobilisation, and

sarcoidosis

Question 10

How do u diagnose a case of hypercalciurea ….?

Answer 10

Hypercalciuria is diagnosed by a 24hr urinary calcium excretion > 4 mg/kg

A screening test for hypercalciuria may be performed on a random urine specimen by measuring the calcium and creatinine concentrations.
A spot urine calcium:creatinine ratio (mg/dL:mg/dL) > 0.2 suggests hypercalciuria in an older child

Question 11

Risk associated with hypercalciuria …?

Answer 11

nephrolithiasi

development of low bone mineral density,

as well as an increased incidence of urinary tract infections

Question 12

Total risk factor in 40% of children with kidney stones…?

Answer 12

Idiopathic hypercalciuria

Question 13

Treatment of choice for Idiopathic hypercalciuria …?

Answer 13

Oral thiazide diuretics can normalize urinary calcium excretion by stimulating calcium reabsorption in the proximal and distal tubules

Question 14

Role of Sodium restriction in Idiopathic Hypercalciuria ..?

Answer 14

Sodium restriction is important because urinary calcium excretion parallels sodium excretion

Question 15

Is dietary restrictions of calcium in case of idiopathic hypercalciurea …?

Answer 15

Dietary calcium restriction is not recommended (except in children with a massive calcium intake > 250% of the recommended dietary allowance by dietary history)