Vascular Diseases Flashcards
Aortic Rupture versus Aortic Dissection
rupture: complete tear in the wall of the aorta
dissection: tear in aortic intima, blood enters the aortic media
demographics of AAA
more males, over age 60 and Caucasian
Symptoms of AAA
sharp, severe pain in chest, back, abdomen or flank
BP difference between L and R arms of greater than 20 mmHg
new onset murmur
treatment/management for small aneurysms
good BP, smoking cessation, beta blockers and 3-6 month intervals
Symptoms of carotid artery occlusive disease
carotid bruit, diminished carotid pulse, dizziness, blurred vision
often asymptomatic until CVA happens
Intervention if carotid artery greater than 50% occluded
angioplasty or endarterectomy
intervention if carotid artery less than 50% blocked
normalize BP, lower cholesterol, antiplatelet/anti-lipid
chronic venous insufficiency pathophysiology
when blood in legs don’t move efficiently
blood pools so flow to heart is diminished
demographics of those with chronic venous insufficiency
females, adults over 50
risk factors for chronic venous insufficiency
immobility, DVT, obesity, pregnancy, family history
Physical findings of venous insufficiency
distended vessels/varicose veins
PAIN INCREASES WITH MOVEMENT
itchiness, tightness, stretching of the legs
skin discoloration, cramps and venous ulcers
venous insufficiency management
- ELEVATE legs
- TED hose
- higher FIBER diet, reduce sodium to prevent fluid retention
Virchows Triad
- hypercoagulability
- venous stasis
- endothelial damage
Symptoms of DVT
pain, unilateral edema/redness/warmth, positive homans sign
Elevated Lab with DVT
d dimer
