Anatomy and Physiology of Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Flow of blood through Valves
Tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic
“Try Popping My Abscess”
Atrioventricular Valves
Tricuspid: separates right atria from right ventricle
Mitral: separates left atria from left ventricle
What valves cause S1?
Atrioventricular (tricuspid and mitral)
Semilunar Valves
Pulmonic: separates right ventricle/pulmonary artery
Aortic: separates left ventricle/aorta
What valves cause S2?
Semilunar Valves (pulmonic and aortic)
Name the 4 layers of the heart
- pericardium
- epicardium
- myocardium
- endocardium
pericardium
outermost layer of heart with lubricative liquid
Pericardium is made of what two layers
fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
What two layers make up serous pericardium and what is the space inbetween those called?
Visceral and parietal layer
Space = pericardial space
Epicardium
deepest layer - covers the heart muscle itself
Myocardium
the actual heart muscle
Endocardium
innermost smooth layer of heart wall
What three vessels supply the heart
RCA, LAD and left cirucumflex
SA node location
anterior wall of RIGHT atrium
Remember SA = sinoATRIAL
AV node location
base of RIGHT atrial wall
Bundle of His
carries signal from AV node to RIGHT and LEFT bundle branches
Purkinje Fibers
endocardial layer; causes ventricles to contract
Describe the pulmonary loop of the circulatory system
Deoxygenated blood from VENA CAVA to RIGHT ATRIA, tricuspid valve, RIGHT VENTRICLE, pulmonary valve, pulmonary ARTERIES, LUNGS, pulmonary VEINS
Describe the systemic loop of the circulatory system
Lungs –> LEFT ATRIA, mitral valve, LEFT VENTRICLE, aortic valve, aorta
What happens during diastole?
atria relax and passively fill ventricles
What is the difference between atrial systole and ventricular systole?
atrial = contraction of atria to forcefully empty into ventricle
ventricular = contraction of ventricle to force blood to arteries
Arteries break down into which two categories
Arterioles and capillaries
What happens at the capillary level of the artery?
gas exchange between blood and tissue
Three differences between artery and vein
Artery: thick outer wall and muscle/elastic fibers. large lumen
Vein: thin outer wall and muscle/elastic fibers, small lumen
Layers of Vein
- tunica adventitia - outer layer = connective tissues
- tunica media - middle layer = smooth muscle
- tunica intima - inner layer
What composes a clot?
platelets and RBCs held together by protein fibrin
Coagulation Cascade (3 steps)
- Von Willebrand Factor and tissue factor (TF) start platelet aggregation
- Factor I (protein fibrinogen) is converted to fibrin by factor IIa
- Prothrombin (factor II - produced by liver) is precursor to thrombin
Definition of fibrinolysis
disintegration of the blood clot
platelet aggregation is started by what two factors?
Von Willebrand Factor and Tissue Factor
