Anatomy and Physiology of Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Flow of blood through Valves

Answer 1

Tricuspid, pulmonic, mitral, aortic
“Try Popping My Abscess”

Question 2

Atrioventricular Valves

Answer 2

Tricuspid: separates right atria from right ventricle
Mitral: separates left atria from left ventricle

Question 3

What valves cause S1?

Answer 3

Atrioventricular (tricuspid and mitral)

Question 4

Semilunar Valves

Answer 4

Pulmonic: separates right ventricle/pulmonary artery
Aortic: separates left ventricle/aorta

Question 5

What valves cause S2?

Answer 5

Semilunar Valves (pulmonic and aortic)

Question 6

Name the 4 layers of the heart

Answer 6

1. pericardium
2. epicardium
3. myocardium
4. endocardium

Question 7

pericardium

Answer 7

outermost layer of heart with lubricative liquid

Question 8

Pericardium is made of what two layers

Answer 8

fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

Question 9

What two layers make up serous pericardium and what is the space inbetween those called?

Answer 9

Visceral and parietal layer
Space = pericardial space

Question 10

Epicardium

Answer 10

deepest layer - covers the heart muscle itself

Question 11

Myocardium

Answer 11

the actual heart muscle

Question 12

Endocardium

Answer 12

innermost smooth layer of heart wall

Question 13

What three vessels supply the heart

Answer 13

RCA, LAD and left cirucumflex

Question 14

SA node location

Answer 14

anterior wall of RIGHT atrium
Remember SA = sinoATRIAL

Question 15

AV node location

Answer 15

base of RIGHT atrial wall

Question 16

Bundle of His

Answer 16

carries signal from AV node to RIGHT and LEFT bundle branches

Question 17

Purkinje Fibers

Answer 17

endocardial layer; causes ventricles to contract

Question 18

Describe the pulmonary loop of the circulatory system

Answer 18

Deoxygenated blood from VENA CAVA to RIGHT ATRIA, tricuspid valve, RIGHT VENTRICLE, pulmonary valve, pulmonary ARTERIES, LUNGS, pulmonary VEINS

Question 19

Describe the systemic loop of the circulatory system

Answer 19

Lungs –> LEFT ATRIA, mitral valve, LEFT VENTRICLE, aortic valve, aorta

Question 20

What happens during diastole?

Answer 20

atria relax and passively fill ventricles

Question 21

What is the difference between atrial systole and ventricular systole?

Answer 21

atrial = contraction of atria to forcefully empty into ventricle
ventricular = contraction of ventricle to force blood to arteries

Question 22

Arteries break down into which two categories

Answer 22

Arterioles and capillaries

Question 23

What happens at the capillary level of the artery?

Answer 23

gas exchange between blood and tissue

Question 24

Three differences between artery and vein

Answer 24

Artery: thick outer wall and muscle/elastic fibers. large lumen
Vein: thin outer wall and muscle/elastic fibers, small lumen

Question 25

Layers of Vein

Answer 25

1. tunica adventitia - outer layer = connective tissues
2. tunica media - middle layer = smooth muscle
3. tunica intima - inner layer

Question 26

What composes a clot?

Answer 26

platelets and RBCs held together by protein fibrin

Question 27

Coagulation Cascade (3 steps)

Answer 27

1. Von Willebrand Factor and tissue factor (TF) start platelet aggregation
2. Factor I (protein fibrinogen) is converted to fibrin by factor IIa
3. Prothrombin (factor II - produced by liver) is precursor to thrombin

Question 28

Definition of fibrinolysis

Answer 28

disintegration of the blood clot

Question 29

platelet aggregation is started by what two factors?

Answer 29

Von Willebrand Factor and Tissue Factor