Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Test 1 -Adult Health 1 - Cher > Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Prevention of HTN

A
  • Limit sodium to 2400 mg/ day (1500 is better)
  • Diet of fruits, veggies and whole grains
  • limit sweets
  • low fat dairy products, poultry, fish, legumes
  • physical activity 3-4 times a week for 40 min
  • limit alcohol consumption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Management of HTN

A

Lifestyle modifications:

  • Diet
  • Low sodium, low fat diet.
  • Lower cholesterol levels to
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Medication for HTN

A
  1. Diuretics
    -Thiazide diuretics first choice for uncomplicated HTN.
  2. Calcium channel blockers
    -Verapamil, amlodipine
  3. ACE inhibitors
    -captopril, lisinopril, enalapril
  4. Beta-adrenergic blockers
    atenolol, metoprolol
  5. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB)
    -valsartan, losartan
  6. Central alpha agonists
    -clonidine
  7. Alpha-adrenergic agonists
    -prazosin, terazosin
  8. Aldosterone receptor antagonists
    -Eplerenone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Education for HTN

A 
Teach Patient to:
-Monitoring BP at home
---Goal of 140/90 or lower
---Keep a record and bring to visits with provider
-Watch for Warning signs:
---MI, CVA, PAD, Kidney disease
Take Medications
Teach What meds are for and the side effects
Teach Adherence to medication regimen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease

A

-Intermittent claudication
pain at rest, numbness and burning.
-Lower back or buttocks discomfort if inflow
-burning or cramping in calves, ankles feet or toes if outflow
-hair loss and dry scaly, pale or mottled skin, thick toenails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease

A

Non-surgical:
exercise, positioning, promoting vasodilation, drug therapy, and invasive nonsurgical procedures to increase arterial flow in affected leg.

Surgical:
Arterial revascularization
Surgical bypassing occlusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Education for Peripheral Artery Disease

A

Avoid crossing legs and avoid restrictive clothing which interfere with blood flow.
Check Feet daily for color or other changes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

VTE symptoms

A
  • calf or groin tenderness
  • pain and sudden onset of unilateral swelling of the leg
  • pain in the calf on dorsiflexion of the foot
  • palpate for induration, redness and warmth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Initial Treatment of VTE

A

-first focus is preventing complications such as PE, prevent further thrombus formation and prevent the one you have enlarging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Management of VTE

A
  • drug therapy and rest

- Anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Peripheral Artery Disease

A

Alters natural flow of blood through arteries and veins of peripheral circulation

Result of systemic atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Peripheral Venous Disease

A

-VTE basically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is HTN

A

High blood pressure
150/90 if you are over 60
140/90 if you are under 60
This excludes pts w diabetes mellitus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is buergers disease

A

-thromboanginitis obliterans—relatively uncommon occlusive disease of arteries and veins in distal portion of upper and lower extremities

Often identified with tobacco smoking
Familial or genetic predisposition and autoimmune etiologic factors also possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are symptoms of buergers disease

A 
-Claudication
Aching pain
Sensitivity to cold
Diminished pulses
Cool, red, or cyanotic extremities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is management of buergers disease

A

-Treatment focuses on prevention of disease progression
abstinence of tobacco in all forms
Avoid exposure to cold
Medications for vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is aortic disease?

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Abdominal aneurysm symptoms

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Thoracic Aneurysm symptoms

A

–

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Repair of aneurysm

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Management of Aneurysm

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is raynaud’s phenomenon?

A

-Caused by vasospasm of arterioles and arteries of upper and lower extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are symptoms of raynauds phenomenon?

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is Raynaud’s phenomenon managed?

A

-Drug therapy—nifedipine, cyclandelate, phenoxybenzamine

Lumbar sympathectomy

Restrict cold exposure

Reinforce patient education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is VTE?
``` -Thrombus—a blood clot Thrombophlebitis Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Pulmonary embolism Virchow’s triad -1.Stasis of blood flow -2.Endothelial injury -3,Hypercoagulability Phlebitis ```
26
What is the etiology of VTE?
-
27
How is VTE managed?
``` -Early ambulation Adequate hydration Compression stockings Intermittent pneumatic compression (SCDs) Venous flexus foot pump Anticoagulation ```
28
Severe Peripheral artery disease symptoms
- extremity is cold and gray-blue or darkened; - pallor may occur with extremity elevation; -dependent rubor; - and/or muscle atrophy
29
Statin education
- take it at night | - see physician regularly
30
Drugs for arteriosclerosis
lovastatin simvastatin gemfibrozil ezetimibe
31
What to monitor with statins
liver enzymes
32
Diabetes pt normal BP
140/90
33
Go read slide 12 on the doc
Go read slide 12 on the doc
34
1st step of medication at the beginning with HTN =
thiazide diuretic
35
what is "end organ damage"
High BP for so long it damages other organs
36
Be able to asociate the name with the class of these drugs
``` Diuretics Thiazide diuretics first choice for uncomplicated HTN Calcium channel blockers Verapamil, amlodipine ACE inhibitors captopril, lisinopril, enalapril Beta-adrenergic blockers atenolol, metoprolol, Renin inhibitors aliskiren ``` ``` Angiotensin II receptor antagonists valsartan, losartan Central alpha agonists clonidine Alpha-adrenergic agonists prazosin, terazosin Aldosterone receptor antagonists Eplerenone ```
37
In crisis how quickly do we lower BP?
We titrate so it drops slowly Reduce by no more than 25% in first 2-6 hours If stroke lower slowly 15-20%
38
Know what nitrates do:
-causes vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) by donation of nitric oxide (NO), and is mostly used for the treatment and prevention of angina pectoris.
39
Know nursing interventions for nitrates/ nitroprusside drip
- Tell them to stay in bed - Teach them to call if they get up - they can have headaches - check BP q15 if no hemdynamic - document the numbers
40
Know nicardipine drip and why we pick it
-nicardipine is neuroprotective
41
Ankle brachial index (ABI)
take the blood pressure in the brachial area and the ankle
42
compartment syndrome
A painful and dangerous condition caused by pressure buildup from internal bleeding or swelling of tissues.
43
6 P's of arterial insufficiency
``` Pain Pallor Pulselessness Paresthesia Paralysis Poikilothermia (coolness) ```
44
aortic aneurysm (fusiform)
protruding on both sides
45
aortic aneurysm (sacular)
one side
46
false aneurysm
due to trauma or vessel injury
47
true aneurysm
weakened from congenital problems
48
aneurysm symptoms
limb ischemia, diminished or absent pulses, cool to cold skin, pain
49
abdominal aortic aneurysm
usually steady with a gnawing quality, unaffected by movement, may last for hours or days Pain in abdomen, flank, back bruit
50
rupture of AAA signs of hypovolemic shock
-Sudden ripping, tearing, stabbing abdominal or back pain and legs. -Diaphoresis, faintness, N&V, apprehension Hypotension, tachycardia
51
symptoms of thoracic A
``` THINK HOARSENESS -coughing and wheezing Horner's syndrome (drooping eyelid, constricted pupil and dry skin on one side of the face) Hoarse voice Difficulty swallowing ``` Back pain Mass may be visible above suprasternal notch
52
rupture of thoracic A
-Sudden excruciating back or chest pain symptomatic of thoracic rupture. Pain can travel into arms, abdomen and lower back
53
Management of Raynaud's disease
Drug therapy Restrict cold exposure Reinforce patient edu
54
what is virchow's triad
- 1.Stasis of blood flow - 2.Endothelial injury - 3,Hypercoagulability
55
Who is at risk for VTE?
``` Hip surgery Total knee replacement Open prostate surgery Ulcerative colitis Heart failure Cancer Oral contraceptives Immobility Obesity Age > 60 ```
56
D Dimer
a fibrin degradation product (or FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis. It is so named because it contains two crosslinked D fragments of the fibrin protein.
57
VTE nonsurgical management
Unfractionated heparin Low–molecular weight heparin Warfarin Thrombolytics
58
unfractionated heparin drip
titrate based on labs | -ptt
59
understand overlap of heparin drip and warfarin
DVT - for immediate coagulation start heparin Warfarin takes longer (if i start warfarin today i wont go home tomorrow) 2-5 days = theraputic
60
VTE pathology
When a thrombus develops, inflammation occurs around the clot. thickening the vein wall and leading to the formation of an embolus (pulmonary embolus being the most common).
61
unfractionated heparin therapy
inhibition of fibrin formation for pts with a confirmed dx of clot
62
management of thoracic aneurysm
non-surgical: Monitor aneurysm growth Maintain BP at normal level to decrease risk of rupture
63
aortic dissection: - caused by - creates - pain described as
Caused by: sudden tear in aortic intima, opening way for blood to enter aortic wall Creates a false lumen Pain described as tearing, ripping, stabbing
64
What is Raynaud's
Caused by vasospasm of arterioles and arteries of upper and lower extremities
65
drugs for raynauds
nifedipine, cyclandelate, phenoxybenzamine
66
saccular aortic aneurysm
an outpouching only affecting a portion of the artery

Test 1 -Adult Health 1 - Cher (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions