Vascular Disease Flashcards
Prevention of HTN
- Limit sodium to 2400 mg/ day (1500 is better)
- Diet of fruits, veggies and whole grains
- limit sweets
- low fat dairy products, poultry, fish, legumes
- physical activity 3-4 times a week for 40 min
- limit alcohol consumption
Management of HTN
Lifestyle modifications:
- Diet
- Low sodium, low fat diet.
- Lower cholesterol levels to
Medication for HTN
- Diuretics
-Thiazide diuretics first choice for uncomplicated HTN. - Calcium channel blockers
-Verapamil, amlodipine - ACE inhibitors
-captopril, lisinopril, enalapril - Beta-adrenergic blockers
atenolol, metoprolol - Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB)
-valsartan, losartan - Central alpha agonists
-clonidine - Alpha-adrenergic agonists
-prazosin, terazosin - Aldosterone receptor antagonists
-Eplerenone
Education for HTN
Teach Patient to: -Monitoring BP at home ---Goal of 140/90 or lower ---Keep a record and bring to visits with provider -Watch for Warning signs: ---MI, CVA, PAD, Kidney disease Take Medications Teach What meds are for and the side effects Teach Adherence to medication regimen
Symptoms of Peripheral Artery Disease
-Intermittent claudication
pain at rest, numbness and burning.
-Lower back or buttocks discomfort if inflow
-burning or cramping in calves, ankles feet or toes if outflow
-hair loss and dry scaly, pale or mottled skin, thick toenails
Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease
Non-surgical:
exercise, positioning, promoting vasodilation, drug therapy, and invasive nonsurgical procedures to increase arterial flow in affected leg.
Surgical:
Arterial revascularization
Surgical bypassing occlusions
Education for Peripheral Artery Disease
Avoid crossing legs and avoid restrictive clothing which interfere with blood flow.
Check Feet daily for color or other changes.
VTE symptoms
- calf or groin tenderness
- pain and sudden onset of unilateral swelling of the leg
- pain in the calf on dorsiflexion of the foot
- palpate for induration, redness and warmth
Initial Treatment of VTE
-first focus is preventing complications such as PE, prevent further thrombus formation and prevent the one you have enlarging
Management of VTE
- drug therapy and rest
- Anticoagulants
What is Peripheral Artery Disease
Alters natural flow of blood through arteries and veins of peripheral circulation
Result of systemic atherosclerosis
What is Peripheral Venous Disease
-VTE basically
What is HTN
High blood pressure
150/90 if you are over 60
140/90 if you are under 60
This excludes pts w diabetes mellitus.
What is buergers disease
-thromboanginitis obliterans—relatively uncommon occlusive disease of arteries and veins in distal portion of upper and lower extremities
Often identified with tobacco smoking
Familial or genetic predisposition and autoimmune etiologic factors also possible
What are symptoms of buergers disease
-Claudication Aching pain Sensitivity to cold Diminished pulses Cool, red, or cyanotic extremities
What is management of buergers disease
-Treatment focuses on prevention of disease progression
abstinence of tobacco in all forms
Avoid exposure to cold
Medications for vasodilation
What is aortic disease?
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Abdominal aneurysm symptoms
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Thoracic Aneurysm symptoms
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Repair of aneurysm
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Management of Aneurysm
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What is raynaud’s phenomenon?
-Caused by vasospasm of arterioles and arteries of upper and lower extremities
What are symptoms of raynauds phenomenon?
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How is Raynaud’s phenomenon managed?
-Drug therapy—nifedipine, cyclandelate, phenoxybenzamine
Lumbar sympathectomy
Restrict cold exposure
Reinforce patient education
What is VTE?
-Thrombus—a blood clot Thrombophlebitis Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Pulmonary embolism Virchow’s triad -1.Stasis of blood flow -2.Endothelial injury -3,Hypercoagulability Phlebitis
What is the etiology of VTE?
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