Vascular Disease

Question 1

Arterial disorders

Answer 1

Decreased blood flow to the tissues

Impaired delivery of oxygen and nutrients

Question 2

Venous disorders

Answer 2

Interference with the outflow of blood from the capillaries

Interference with removal of tissue wastes and return of blood to the heart

Question 3

Rheumatic Fever

Answer 3

Inflammatory disease following Streptococcus pyogenes infection i.e. Strep pharyngitis
Usually appears in children between the ages of 6 and 15
Fever of 100.8-102.0
Arthralgia

Question 4

Major Manifestations of Rheumatic Fever

Answer 4

Migratory arthritis (predominantly involving the large joints)
Carditis and valvulitis 
Myocarditis which can manifest as CHF
Pericarditis with a rub
New heart murmur
Central nervous system involvement
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham's chorea

Question 5

Modified Jones Criteria For Diagnosisof Rheumatic Fever

Answer 5

Two major criteria
One major criteria plus two minor criteria.
Exceptions: Chorea, Indolent carditis

Question 6

Aortic Aneurysm/Dissection

Answer 6

Aneurysms (bulges) in weak areas of its walls
Can develop anywhere along the aorta
90% of aortic aneurysms develop in the abdominal aorta

Dissection (separation of the layers of it’s wall)
Inner lining of the aortic wall tears
Artery wall deteriorates and usually associated with high blood pressure

Question 7

Crawford Classification of Thoracoabdominal TA/AA

Answer 7

• I (L) subclavian to renal arteries
• II (L) subclavian to iliac bifurcation
• III Midthoracic to infrarenal
• IV Distal thoracic to infrarenal

Question 8

6 P’s of acute limb ischemia

Answer 8

Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paresthesia
Paraparesis (paralysis):  
Poikilothermia:  variation of body temperature regionally

Question 9

Virchow’s triad factors:

Answer 9

Venous stasis
Injury to vessel wall
Hypercoagulable state

Question 10

Venous Stasis

Answer 10

Alterations in normal blood flow:
Prolonged immobility
Long plane or car ride
Bed bound during hospitalization
Varicose veins

Question 11

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 11

Endothelial injury or vessel wall injury
Vessel piercings and damages from:
Sheer stress
Hypertension
Bacteria
Monocytes in chronic inflammation
Biomaterials of implants/devices

Question 12

Buerger’s DiseaseThromboangiitis Obliterans

Answer 12

Recurring progressive inflammation and thrombosis of small arteries and veins of the hands and feet.
Strongly associated with use of tobacco products primarily from smoking, but also from smokeless tobacco
also have periodontal disease
20-40 yo male

Question 13

LE- Peripheral Arterial Disease Three distinct patterns of disease

Answer 13

Type I: affects 10-15% of patients
Limited to aorta and common iliacs
Type II: affects 25% of patients
Affects the aorta, common and external iliacs
Type III: most common (60-70% of patients)
Multilevel disease
Affects aorta, iliac, femoral, popliteal, and tibial

Question 14

Classification by the size of vessel Vasculitis

Answer 14

Large vessel: Takayaus arteritis, Temporal arteritis
Medium vessel: Buerger’s disease, Kawasaki disease, Polyarteritis nodosa
Small vessel: Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Behcets syndrome