Vascular Disease

Question 1

what is the classical feature of aortic dissection?

Answer 1

chest pain
* anterior –> ascending aorta
* back –> descending aorta

Question 2

what is seen on CXR in aortic dissection?

Answer 2

widening of aorta

Question 3

how is aortic dissection diagnosed?

Answer 3

CT scan

Question 4

how is aortic dissection managed?

Answer 4

• medical (type B)
• surgical (type A)

Question 5

what is cervical rib?

Answer 5

• supernumery fibrous band arising from C7
• congenital extra rib

Question 6

what can cervical rib cause?

Answer 6

thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 7

what is the management of cervical rib?

Answer 7

surgical division of rib

Question 8

what is subclavian steal syndrome caused by?

Answer 8

proximal stenotic lesion of the subclavia artery

Question 9

what is the pathophysiology of subclavian steal syndrome?

Answer 9

1. proximal stenotic lesion of the subclavian artery
2. retrograde flow through vertebral or internal thoracic arteries
3. decrease in cerebral blood flow
4. syncopal symptoms

Question 10

what is the investigation of choice in subclavian steal syndrome?

Answer 10

duplex scan
+/-
angiogram

Question 11

what is takayasu’s arteritis?

Answer 11

large vessel granulomatous vasculitis

Question 12

what does takayasu’s arteritis result in?

Answer 12

intimal narrowing

Question 13

who is commonly affected by takayasu’s arteritis?

Answer 13

young asian females

Question 14

how do people with takayasu’s arteritis present?

Answer 14

• features of mild systemic illness
• pulseless peripheries
• vascular insufficiency
• systolic heart murmur

Question 15

what is the management of takayasu’s arteritis?

Answer 15

steroids

Question 16

what is patent ductus arteriosis?

Answer 16

ductus arteriosus remains open after birth

Question 17

what does patent ductus arteriosis result in?

Answer 17

high pressure oxygenated blood entering the pulmonary circuit

Question 18

what is the consequence of not treating patent ductus arteriosis?

Answer 18

congestive cardiac failure

Question 19

what is coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 19

aortic stenosis at the site of the ductus arteriosus insertion

Question 20

who is more commonly diagnosed with coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 20

• boys
• Tuners

Question 21

what are the features of coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 21

• arterial insufficiency (e.g. syncope, claudication)
• BP mismatch

Question 22

what is the management of coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 22

• angioplasty
• surgical resection