Vascular Control--Nordgren Flashcards
What ion depolarizes smooth muscle?
Ca2+
Unique contractile feature of vascular smooth muscle
needs to maintain some level of tone at all times
Myosin light chain function
*when phosphorylated
causes contraction of smooth muscle
Phosphorylated myosin light chain vs. Myosin light chain
phosphorylated myosin light chain activates smooth muscle contraction
unphosphorylated myosin light chain inactivates smooth muscle contraction
RMP of vascular smooth muscle
-40 mV to -65 mV
Electromechanical coupling mechanism
VG Ca2+ open in response to depolarization
basal tone present
Pharmacomechanical coupling mechanism
Receptor operated Ca2+ channels open
G-protein coupled receptor
form inositol triphosphate, opens Ca2+ channels on SR
Electromechanical relaxation mechanism
hyperpolarization
Pharmacomechanical relaxation mechanism
G-protein coupled receptors
stimulate Ca2+ efflux
What does Ca2+ bind to when it enters the smooth muscle cell?
calmodulin
What causes basal tone?
stretch in response to having any volume of blood present
What is the most important means of local tissue flow control?
local metabolic influences
How do endothelial cells affect the tone of surrounding smooth muscle?
produces NO
diffuses across cell membrane
cGMP inhibits Ca2+ entry
activates K+ channels
What do prostaglandins do to local tissue flow/smooth muscle?
depends on which prostaglandin
Transmural pressure: local change mechanism
arterioles actively and passively repsond to transmural pressure (pressure across vasculature)