Vascular Control--Nordgren Flashcards

1
Q

What ion depolarizes smooth muscle?

A

Ca2+

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2
Q

Unique contractile feature of vascular smooth muscle

A

needs to maintain some level of tone at all times

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3
Q

Myosin light chain function

A

*when phosphorylated

causes contraction of smooth muscle

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4
Q

Phosphorylated myosin light chain vs. Myosin light chain

A

phosphorylated myosin light chain activates smooth muscle contraction

unphosphorylated myosin light chain inactivates smooth muscle contraction

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5
Q

RMP of vascular smooth muscle

A

-40 mV to -65 mV

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6
Q

Electromechanical coupling mechanism

A

VG Ca2+ open in response to depolarization

basal tone present

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7
Q

Pharmacomechanical coupling mechanism

A

Receptor operated Ca2+ channels open

G-protein coupled receptor

form inositol triphosphate, opens Ca2+ channels on SR

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8
Q

Electromechanical relaxation mechanism

A

hyperpolarization

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9
Q

Pharmacomechanical relaxation mechanism

A

G-protein coupled receptors

stimulate Ca2+ efflux

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10
Q

What does Ca2+ bind to when it enters the smooth muscle cell?

A

calmodulin

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11
Q

What causes basal tone?

A

stretch in response to having any volume of blood present

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12
Q

What is the most important means of local tissue flow control?

A

local metabolic influences

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13
Q

How do endothelial cells affect the tone of surrounding smooth muscle?

A

produces NO

diffuses across cell membrane

cGMP inhibits Ca2+ entry

activates K+ channels

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14
Q

What do prostaglandins do to local tissue flow/smooth muscle?

A

depends on which prostaglandin

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15
Q

Transmural pressure: local change mechanism

A

arterioles actively and passively repsond to transmural pressure (pressure across vasculature)

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16
Q

What is hyperemia?

A

blood flow across organ

17
Q

Active hyperemia

A

flow to organ controlled by metabolic rate (sk and cardiac muscle)

18
Q

Reactive hyperemia

A

increased blood flow after removal of restriction (ie tourniquet)

19
Q

Autoregulation (like hyperemia)

A

organs tend to keep blood flow constant despite variations in arterial pressure

20
Q

What most important means of reflex control in vasculature?

A

neural influences

release of NE

21
Q

Neural influences on vasculature

A

NE release

α-1 androgenic receptor

22
Q

How does autoregulation function?

A

change in resistance when change in pressure occurs to maintain constant flow

23
Q

T/F

Venous system is under the control of local metabolic needs

A

false

24
Q

Important outside physical influence on venous system

A

skeletal muscle pump (veins)

25
Q

T/F

NE activates α1 receptors in veins, leading to vasocontriction

A

true

but veins don’t respond to local changes

26
Q

How does arteriole constriction affect capillary hydrostatic pressure?

A

decreases capillary hydrostatic pressure

27
Q

How does the lung vasculature respond to hypoxia?

A

vasoconstriction

*lungs sense hypoxia in capillaries

*this means that the area of the lungs where these capillaries are going through is not well perfused with oxygen

*shunting of blood away from poorly perfused area to area that has better perfusion