Vascular and Cardiac Integration Flashcards
Ejection Fraction
SV/EDV
“How much blood is pumped out of the ventricle when it’s full”
How does afterload affect velocity of shortening?
Light loads results in fast shortening
In a Force(x)-Velocity(y) graph, what parameter allows Vmax to change?
Contractility
In a force-velocity graph, what does increasing the pre-load do?
Keeps vmax the same, but still increases the relative velocity associated with a certain afterload (increases force of contraction).
What are the four components of the Pressure-Volume loop?
- X axis Volume
- Y axis Pressure
- IR on the left (pressure tank with constant volume)
- IC on the right (pressure peak with constant volume)
How is raising pre-load reflected on a Pressure-Volume loop?
+X axis, b/c you eject more
How is raising after-load reflected on a Pressure-Volume loop?
-X axis, +Y axis, b/c your SV goes down, Pressure goes up, and the valves close quicker
How is raising contractility reflected on a Pressure-Volume loop?
+X and +Y
What is a normal value for Ejection fraction?
At least 50%
What does it mean for veins to be very compliant?
Big volume changes with little pressure change
What causes jugular distension?
High venous pressure
What is the relationship between CVP and CO in a vascular function curve?
Inverse, Y-AXIS^(CVP) —> X-AXIS v (CO)
What is the relationship between CO and CVP in a Frank-Starling Curve?
Y-AXIS ^(CO) —> X-AXIS ^(CVP)
What is the equilibrium point of Vascular and Frank Curve?
5L/min and 2mmHg
What curve gets affected by a hemorrhage and how?
The vascular function curve. Expect a shift to the left. Both CV and CO go down.
What curve gets affected by Vasoconstriction and how?
The vascular function curve, expect a shift to the right Both CV and CO go up
Mnemonic to remember things affecting Vascular function curve?
“The VAIN MIRROR”, you see a parrallel effect in both CO and CV
What curve gets affected by fluid retention and how?
Vascular, expect right shift CV and CO go up. (Edema gets worse during heart failure)
What curve gets affected by Inotropic drugs and how?
Cardiac, expect left shift CO goes up but CVP goes down.
What curve gets affected by Heart failure?
Cardiac, Expect right shift, CO goes down but CVP goes up.
