CV Cycle

Question 1

Six Main Phases of CV cycle?

Answer 1

1. IC
2. Ejection
3. IR
4. Rapid Filling
5. Diastasis/Passive slow filling
6. Active Filling/Atrial Systole

Question 2

Looking only at the LV, starting at IC, list the four Valve events that occur and when.

Answer 2

1. MC @ beginning of IC
2. AO @ end of IC
3. AC @ beginning of IR
4. MO @ end of IR

Question 3

Mnemonic to remember Valve order?

Answer 3

CoCo’s @ Mt. Pennsylvane

McTcPoAo–AcPcToMo

Question 4

When does the Aortic pressure start to rise?

Answer 4

When the Aortic Valve opens

Question 5

When does the Aortic Valve open?

Answer 5

At the end of IC

Question 6

What is Proto-Diastole and why does it occur?

Answer 6

When Aortic pressure surpasses Ventricular pressure just before IR. AP stays alive from the momentum that escaped the ventricle.

Question 7

What is the dicrotic notch?

Answer 7

Fluctuation during IR in the Aortic pressure graph due to the vibration from the Aortic Valve Closing. (Second sound)

Question 8

During ventricular systole, what two main valves are open?

Answer 8

Pulmonary and Aortic
(Lungs and body get blood)
“Pennsylvania for Ejection”

Question 9

During ventricular systole, what two main valves are closed?

Answer 9

Mitral and Tricuspid
(You don’t want backflow reversing into atria)
“Mountain Atrial gate keepers”

Question 10

During atrial systole, what two main valves are open?

Answer 10

Mitral and Tricuspid

Question 11

During atrial systole, what two main valves are closed?

Answer 11

Pulm. and Aortic

Question 12

What’s the aortic pressure doing in IC and why?

Answer 12

It’s slightly falling because it’s already ejected and has been relaxing during ventricular filling.

Question 13

Typical Aortic Pressure Range?

Answer 13

80-120

Question 14

What’s the L Ventricular pressure doing in IC and why?

Answer 14

Greatly rising because it’s volume is packed up and it’s getting ready to eject (~80)

Question 15

What three main things happen to the ventricular pressure after reaching its peak Ejection pressure?

Answer 15

1. Dips below Aortic Pressure (Protodiastole)
2. Dips below Atrial Pressure (IR)
3. Stays below Atrial Pressure and follows the A-wave bump during Atrial systole.

Question 16

What is the Z-point and where does it occur?

Answer 16

It’s where Vent and Atrial pressures are the same during IC

Question 17

Typical L. Ventricular pressure range?

Answer 17

0-120

Question 18

Typical Atrial range?

Answer 18

10-30

Question 19

What is the c-wave?

Answer 19

The rise in pressure that occurs in the Atria during IC

I believe there is a bulge in Mitral valve from the Ventricular pressure shooting so high.

Question 20

What is the v wave?

Answer 20

The slow rise from venous return into atira with mitral valve closed.

Question 21

What is the a wave?

Answer 21

The 20% active pressure pump during atrial systole (phase 3/3 after ejection)
- Allows the quick, final filling for the ventricle

Question 22

What happens to the atrial pressure when the Mitral Valve opens?

Answer 22

You get a pressure dip

Question 23

What are the three phases after IR?

Answer 23

Rapid, Slow, and Active

Question 24

Normal Ventricular Volume range?

Answer 24

50-130

Question 25

What is the Cardiac Residual volume?

Answer 25

The Ventricular Volume of blood left over after ejection.

Question 26

When does the first heart sound occur?

Answer 26

@IC when the Mitral valve closes

Question 27

When does the second heart sound occur?

Answer 27

@IR when the Aortic valve closes

Question 28

At the peak of the R, during the QRS wave, what CV phase cycle are you in?

Answer 28

Isovolumetric Contraction

Question 29

At the peak of the T-wave for EKG, what CV phase cycle are you in?

Answer 29

Late Ejection phase

Question 30

At the peak of the P-wave for EKG, what CV phase cycle are you in?

Answer 30

Early Atrial Systole.